Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Public Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Indoor Air. 2014 Feb;24(1):3-15. doi: 10.1111/ina.12054. Epub 2013 Jul 1.
Organophosphate esters are used as additives in flame retardants and plasticizers, and they are ubiquitous in the indoor environment. Phosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) are present in residential dust, but few epidemiological studies have assessed their impact on human health. We measured the levels of 11 PFRs in indoor floor dust and multi-surface dust in 182 single-family dwellings in Japan. We evaluated their correlations with asthma and allergies of the inhabitants. Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate was detected in all samples (median value: 580 μg/g in floor dust, 111 μg/g in multi-surface dust). Tris(2-chloro-iso-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was detected at 8.69 μg/g in floor dust and 25.8 μg/g in multi-surface dust. After adjustment for potential confounders, significant associations were found between the prevalence of atopic dermatitis and the presence of TCIPP and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate in floor dust [per log10 -unit, odds ratio (OR): 2.43 and 1.84, respectively]. Tributyl phosphate was significantly associated with the prevalence of asthma (OR: 2.85 in floor dust, 5.34 in multi-surface dust) and allergic rhinitis (OR: 2.55 in multi-surface dust). PFR levels in Japan were high compared with values reported previously for Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the USA. Higher levels of PFRs in house dust were related to the inhabitants' health status.
有机磷酸酯作为阻燃剂和增塑剂的添加剂被广泛应用，它们在室内环境中无处不在。磷系阻燃剂（PFRs）存在于住宅灰尘中，但很少有流行病学研究评估它们对人类健康的影响。我们测量了日本 182 个单户住宅室内地板灰尘和多表面灰尘中 11 种 PFR 的水平，并评估了它们与居住者哮喘和过敏的相关性。三（2-丁氧基乙基）磷酸酯（TBEP）在所有样本中均有检出（地板灰尘中的中位数为 580μg/g，多表面灰尘中的中位数为 111μg/g）。三（2-氯-异丙基）磷酸酯（TCIPP）在地板灰尘中的检出浓度为 8.69μg/g，在多表面灰尘中的检出浓度为 25.8μg/g。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，TCIPP 和三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯在地板灰尘中的存在与特应性皮炎的患病率之间存在显著相关性[每 log10-单位，比值比（OR）分别为 2.43 和 1.84]。磷酸三丁酯与哮喘（地板灰尘中的 OR：2.85，多表面灰尘中的 OR：5.34）和过敏性鼻炎（多表面灰尘中的 OR：2.55）的患病率显著相关。与以前在欧洲、亚太地区和美国报告的数值相比，日本的 PFR 水平较高。房屋灰尘中 PFR 水平较高与居住者的健康状况有关。
