E-Net Okolje, doo, Linhartova 13, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Water Res. 2013 Jul 1;47(11):3644-53. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.027. Epub 2013 Apr 25.
In contrast to the general aerobic detoxification of industrial effluents containing cyanide, anaerobic cyanide degradation is not well understood, including the microbial communities involved. To address this knowledge gap, this study measured anaerobic cyanide degradation and the rearrangements in bacterial and archaeal microbial communities in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor biomass treating brewery waste water using bio-methane potential assays, molecular profiling, sequencing and microarray approaches. Successful biogas formation and cyanide removal without inhibition were observed at cyanide concentrations up to 5 mg l(-1). At 8.5 mg l(-1) cyanide, there was a 22 day lag phase in microbial activity, but subsequent methane production rates were equivalent to when 5 mg l(-1) was used. The higher cumulative methane production in cyanide-amended samples indicated that part of the biogas was derived from cyanide degradation. Anaerobic degradation of cyanide using autoclaved UASB biomass proceeded at a rate more than two times lower than when UASB biomass was not autoclaved, indicating that anaerobic cyanide degradation was in fact a combination of simultaneous abiotic and biotic processes. Phylogenetic analyses of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes for the first time identified and linked the bacterial phylum Firmicutes and the archaeal genus Methanosarcina sp. as important microbial groups involved in cyanide degradation. Methanogenic activity of unadapted granulated biomass was detected at higher cyanide concentrations than reported previously for the unadapted suspended biomass, making the aggregated structure and predominantly hydrogenotrophic nature of methanogenic community important features in cyanide degradation. The combination of brewery waste water and cyanide substrate was thus shown to be of high interest for industrial level anaerobic cyanide degradation.
与含有氰化物的工业废水的一般需氧解毒相反，厌氧氰化物降解的机制尚不完全清楚，包括涉及的微生物群落。为了解决这一知识空白，本研究采用生物甲烷潜力测定、分子谱分析、测序和微阵列方法，测量了上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器生物量处理啤酒废水时的厌氧氰化物降解以及细菌和古菌微生物群落的重组。在氰化物浓度高达 5mg/L 时，观察到成功的沼气形成和无抑制的氰化物去除。在 8.5mg/L 氰化物时，微生物活性有 22 天的滞后期，但随后的甲烷产生速率与使用 5mg/L 氰化物时相当。氰化物添加样品中累积甲烷产量较高表明部分沼气来自氰化物降解。使用高压灭菌 UASB 生物质进行的氰化物厌氧降解的速率比不使用高压灭菌 UASB 生物质时高两倍以上，表明厌氧氰化物降解实际上是同时的非生物和生物过程的组合。细菌和古菌 16S rRNA 基因的系统发育分析首次确定并将细菌门Firmicutes 和古菌属 Methanosarcina sp. 与重要的微生物组联系起来，这些微生物组参与了氰化物降解。在比以前报道的未适应悬浮生物质更高的氰化物浓度下检测到未适应颗粒状生物质的产甲烷活性，使产甲烷群落的聚集结构和主要的氢营养性质成为氰化物降解的重要特征。因此，啤酒废水和氰化物底物的组合对于工业水平的厌氧氰化物降解具有很高的兴趣。
