Eimar H, Tamimi I, Murshed M, Tamimi F
Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C7, Canada.
J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2013 Jun;13(2):124-32.
Bone remodeling is regulated by the two branches of the autonomic nervous system: the adrenergic and the cholinergic branches. Adrenergic activity favors bone loss, whereas cholinergic activity has been recently shown to favor bone mass accrual. In vitro studies have reported that cholinergic activity induces proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. In vivo studies have shown that the inhibition of cholinergic activity favors bone loss, whereas its stimulation favors bone mass accrual. Clinical studies have shown that bone density is associated with the function of many cholinergic-regulated tissues such as the hypothalamus, salivary glands, lacrimal glands and langerhans cells, suggesting a common mechanism of control. Altogether, these observations and linked findings are of great significance since they improve our understanding of bone physiology. These discoveries have been successfully used recently to investigate new promising therapies for bone diseases based on cholinergic stimulation. Here, we review the current understanding of the cholinergic activity and its association with bone health.
肾上腺素能分支和胆碱能分支。肾上腺素能活动促进骨质流失，而胆碱能活动最近已被证明有利于骨量积累。体外研究报告称，胆碱能活动可诱导骨细胞增殖和分化。体内研究表明，抑制胆碱能活动会促进骨质流失，而刺激胆碱能活动则有利于骨量积累。临床研究表明，骨密度与许多胆碱能调节组织的功能有关，如下丘脑、唾液腺、泪腺和朗格汉斯细胞，这表明存在共同的控制机制。总之，这些观察结果和相关发现具有重要意义，因为它们增进了我们对骨生理学的理解。这些发现最近已成功用于研究基于胆碱能刺激的骨疾病新的有前景的治疗方法。在此，我们综述了目前对胆碱能活动及其与骨骼健康关联的理解。
