Koroleva Anastasia, Kufelt Olga, Schlie-Wolter Sabrina, Hinze Ulf, Chichkov Boris
Biomed Tech (Berl). 2013 Oct;58(5):399-405. doi: 10.1515/bmt-2013-0036.
The two-photon polymerization technique (2PP) uses non-linear absorption of femtosecond laser pulses to selectively polymerize photosensitive materials. 2PP has the ability to fabricate structures with a resolution from tens of micrometers down to hundreds of nanometers. Three-dimensional microstructuring by the 2PP technique provides many interesting possibilities for biomedical applications. This microstructuring technique is suitable with many biocompatible polymeric materials, such as polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, gelatin, zirconium-based hybrids, and others. The process of fabrication does not require clean room conditions and does not use hazard chemicals or high temperatures. The most beneficial property of 2PP is that it is capable of producing especially complex three-dimensional (3-D) structures, including devices with overhangs, without using any supportive structure. The flexibility in controlling geometries and feature sizes and the possibility to fabricate structures without the addition of new material layers makes this technique particularly appealing for fabrication of 3-D scaffolds for tissue engineering.
双光子聚合技术（2PP）利用飞秒激光脉冲的非线性吸收来选择性地聚合光敏材料。2PP能够制造出分辨率从几十微米到几百纳米的结构。通过2PP技术进行三维微结构化，为生物医学应用提供了许多有趣的可能性。这种微结构化技术适用于许多生物相容性聚合物材料，如聚乙二醇、聚乳酸、聚己内酯、明胶、锆基杂化物等。制造过程不需要洁净室条件，也不使用有害化学物质或高温。2PP最有益的特性是它能够制造特别复杂的三维（3-D）结构，包括带有悬垂部分的器件，而无需使用任何支撑结构。在控制几何形状和特征尺寸方面的灵活性以及在不添加新材料层的情况下制造结构的可能性，使得该技术对于组织工程三维支架的制造特别有吸引力。
