Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Coupure Links, 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
Plant Cell Environ. 2014 Jan;37(1):1-18. doi: 10.1111/pce.12142. Epub 2013 Jul 9.
In plants, male reproductive development is extremely sensitive to adverse climatic environments and (a)biotic stress. Upon exposure to stress, male gametophytic organs often show morphological, structural and metabolic alterations that typically lead to meiotic defects or premature spore abortion and male reproductive sterility. Depending on the type of stress involved (e.g. heat, cold, drought) and the duration of stress exposure, the underlying cellular defect is highly variable and either involves cytoskeletal alterations, tapetal irregularities, altered sugar utilization, aberrations in auxin metabolism, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS; oxidative stress) or the ectopic induction of programmed cell death (PCD). In this review, we present the critically stress-sensitive stages of male sporogenesis (meiosis) and male gametogenesis (microspore development), and discuss the corresponding biological processes involved and the resulting alterations in male reproduction. In addition, this review also provides insights into the molecular and/or hormonal regulation of the environmental stress sensitivity of male reproduction and outlines putative interaction(s) between the different processes involved.
在植物中，雄性生殖发育对不利的气候环境和（非）生物胁迫极为敏感。暴露于胁迫下，雄性配子体器官通常表现出形态、结构和代谢的改变，这些改变通常导致减数分裂缺陷或孢子过早败育和雄性生殖不育。根据所涉及的胁迫类型（例如热、冷、干旱）和胁迫暴露的持续时间，潜在的细胞缺陷高度可变，并且涉及细胞骨架改变、绒毡层不规则、糖利用改变、生长素代谢异常、活性氧（ROS；氧化应激）积累或程序性细胞死亡（PCD）的异位诱导。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了雄性孢子发生（减数分裂）和雄性配子发生（小孢子发育）中对胁迫极为敏感的阶段，并讨论了涉及的相应生物学过程以及雄性生殖的相应改变。此外，本综述还深入了解了雄性生殖对环境胁迫敏感性的分子和/或激素调节，并概述了所涉及的不同过程之间可能存在的相互作用。
