Li Zhenzhen, Wang Shuo, Wang Yike, Zhang Hongxia, Liu Lu, Su Shiwen, Lin Sue
College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China.
Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Aug 13;13:e19880. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19880. eCollection 2025.
The sexual reproduction phase of flowering plants encompasses a multitude of physiological processes, including floral induction, floral organ morphogenesis, fertilization, and the maturation of seeds and fruits. In addition to being vital to the successful reproduction of the plants, these processes are also crucial to their adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. However, this phase is extremely complex and vulnerable to environmental impacts and constraints, with both biotic and abiotic stresses playing a significant role. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that environmental stress has multifaceted impacts on plant sexual reproduction, leading to substantial losses in seed production and crop yield. Although several excellent reviews have explored the regulatory mechanisms of abiotic stresses (such as light and temperature stress) on the plant sexual reproduction process, particularly flowering time and gametophyte development, a comprehensive overview of the effects of biotic stresses is still lacking. Rather than comprehensively reviewing the massive amount of literature in this field, our review aims to leverage case studies to cover a wide range of mechanisms by which biotic stressors, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, parasitic plants, and herbivorous animals, affect the sexual reproduction process of flowering plants.
开花植物的有性生殖阶段包含众多生理过程，包括成花诱导、花器官形态发生、受精以及种子和果实的成熟。这些过程不仅对植物的成功繁殖至关重要，对其适应多样的环境条件也至关重要。然而，这个阶段极其复杂，容易受到环境影响和限制，生物和非生物胁迫都起着重要作用。越来越多的证据表明，环境胁迫对植物有性生殖有多方面的影响，导致种子产量和作物产量大幅损失。尽管已有几篇优秀综述探讨了非生物胁迫（如光照和温度胁迫）对植物有性生殖过程的调控机制，特别是开花时间和配子体发育，但仍缺乏对生物胁迫影响的全面概述。我们的综述并非全面回顾该领域的大量文献，而是旨在利用案例研究来涵盖各种机制，即包括真菌、细菌、病毒、寄生植物和食草动物在内的生物胁迫因子如何影响开花植物的有性生殖过程。
