Holsomback Tyla S, Van Nice Christopher J, Clark Rachel N, McIntyre Nancy E, Abuzeineh Alisa A, Salazar-Bravo Jorge
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
Geospat Health. 2013 May;7(2):289-98. doi: 10.4081/gh.2013.87.
Along the southeastern coast of the United States of America (USA), the marsh rice rat (Oryzomys palustris) is the primary host for the hantavirus, genotype Bayou. According to the socio-ecological model for a territorial, polygamous species, females should be distributed across space and time by habitat resources and predation risks, whereas males should space themselves according to the degree of female aggregation and reproductive synchrony. To investigate how females affect the male-male transmission paradigm of Bayou virus, rodents were captured, marked, released in two macrohabitat types and followed across a 30-month period. Microhabitat cover variables were quantified around the individual trap stations. A geodatabase was created from habitat and rodent capture data and analysed in a geographical information system. The ratio of breeding to non-breeding females was ~1:1, with breeding females overly dispersed and non-breeding females randomly dispersed. Spatial analyses revealed both macro- and microhabitat preferences in females. Compared to seronegatives, higher proportions of seropositive adult males were found consistently within closer proximities to breeding females but not to non-breeding females, indicating that male locations were not driven simply by habitat selection. Activities to acquire dispersed receptive females could be an important driver of Bayou virus transmission among male hosts. Herein, we describe an interdisciplinary effort providing a novel approach to elucidate the complexity of hantavirus trafficking and maintenance in rodent populations of a coastal marsh ecosystem.
在美国东南部沿海地区，沼泽稻鼠（Oryzomys palustris）是汉坦病毒贝尤基因型的主要宿主。根据针对具有领地意识的一夫多妻制物种的社会生态模型，雌性应根据栖息地资源和捕食风险在空间和时间上分布，而雄性应根据雌性聚集程度和繁殖同步性来分布自己的空间。为了研究雌性如何影响贝尤病毒的雄雄传播模式，研究人员捕获了啮齿动物，做了标记，将其放归到两种大型栖息地类型中，并在30个月的时间里对其进行跟踪。对各个诱捕站周围的微栖息地覆盖变量进行了量化。根据栖息地和啮齿动物捕获数据创建了一个地理数据库，并在地理信息系统中进行分析。繁殖雌性与非繁殖雌性的比例约为1:1，繁殖雌性分布过度分散，而非繁殖雌性随机分散。空间分析揭示了雌性在宏观和微观栖息地方面的偏好。与血清阴性个体相比，在离繁殖雌性更近而非非繁殖雌性更近的区域，始终发现血清阳性成年雄性的比例更高，这表明雄性的位置并非仅仅由栖息地选择驱动。获取分散的处于发情期雌性的活动可能是贝尤病毒在雄性宿主之间传播的一个重要驱动因素。在此，我们描述了一项跨学科研究，提供了一种新方法来阐明沿海沼泽生态系统啮齿动物种群中汉坦病毒传播和维持的复杂性。
