Holsomback Tyla S, McIntyre Nancy E, Nisbett Richard A, Strauss Richard E, Chu Yong-Kyu, Abuzeineh Alisa A, de la Sancha Noé, Dick Carl W, Jonsson Colleen B, Morris Brandon E L
Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-3131, USA.
J Vector Ecol. 2009 Jun;34(1):9-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00003.x.
In the United States, Bayou virus (BAYV) ranks second only to Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in terms of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) incidents, having been confirmed in cases from Texas and Louisiana since its discovery in 1994. This study on BAYV infection among sympatric, non-oryzomyine rodents ("spillover") in Freeport, TX, is the first to link patterns of hantavirus interspecific spillover with the spatiotemporal ecology of the primary host (marsh rice rat, Oryzomys palustris). Mark-recapture and/or harvest methods were employed from March 2002 through May 2004 in two macrohabitat types. Rodent blood samples were screened for the presence of IgG antibody to BAYV antigen by IFA after which Ab-positive blood, saliva, and urine were analyzed for the presence of viral RNA by nested RT-PCR. From 727 non-oryzomyine captures, five seropositive (but not viral RNA positive) individuals were detected: one each of Baiomys taylori, Peromyscus leucopus, and Reithrodontomys fulvescens; and two Sigmodon hispidus. Spillover hosts were not associated with macrohabitat where O. palustris abundance, density, or seroprevalence was highest. Rather, spillover occurred in the macrohabitat indicative of greater overall disturbance (as indicated by grazing and exotic plant diversity) and overall biodiversity. Spillover occurred during periods of high seroprevalence detected elsewhere within the study region. Spillover locations differed significantly from all other capture locations in terms of percent water, shrub, and grass cover. Although greater habitat and mammal diversity of old-fields may serve to reduce seroprevalence levels by tempering intraspecific contacts between rice rats, greater diversity also may create an ecologically opportunistic setting for BAYV spillover. Impacts of varying levels of disturbance and biodiversity on transmission dynamics represent a vastly uncharacterized component of the evolutionary ecology of hantaviruses.
在美国，就汉坦病毒肺综合征（HPS）发病情况而言，河口病毒（BAYV）仅次于辛诺柏病毒（SNV），自1994年被发现以来，已在得克萨斯州和路易斯安那州的病例中得到确诊。这项针对得克萨斯州弗里波特市同域分布的非稻鼠亚科啮齿动物（“溢出”）中BAYV感染情况的研究，首次将汉坦病毒种间溢出模式与主要宿主（沼泽稻鼠，Oryzomys palustris）的时空生态联系起来。2002年3月至2004年5月期间，在两种大型栖息地类型中采用了标记重捕法和/或捕获法。通过间接免疫荧光法（IFA）对啮齿动物血液样本进行BAYV抗原IgG抗体检测，之后对抗体呈阳性的血液、唾液和尿液进行巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应（nested RT-PCR）分析，以检测病毒RNA的存在。在捕获的727只非稻鼠亚科动物中，检测到5只血清反应阳性（但病毒RNA呈阴性）个体：分别为泰勒白足鼠（Baiomys taylori）、白足鼠（Peromyscus leucopus）、黄褐林鼠（Reithrodontomys fulvescens）各1只，刚毛棉鼠（Sigmodon hispidus）2只。溢出宿主与沼泽稻鼠数量、密度或血清阳性率最高的大型栖息地无关。相反，溢出发生在表明总体干扰更大（以放牧和外来植物多样性为指标）和总体生物多样性更高的大型栖息地。溢出发生在研究区域其他地方检测到血清阳性率较高的时期。就水域、灌木和草地覆盖百分比而言，溢出地点与所有其他捕获地点存在显著差异。尽管旧耕地中更大的栖息地和哺乳动物多样性可能通过缓和稻鼠种内接触来降低血清阳性率水平，但更大的多样性也可能为BAYV溢出创造一个生态机会环境。不同程度的干扰和生物多样性对传播动态的影响代表了汉坦病毒进化生态学中一个很大程度上未被描述清楚的组成部分。
