Schmidt P K, Carter J E
Department of Physical Education, San Diego State University, CA 92182-0171.
Hum Biol. 1990 Jun;62(3):369-88.
Thirty-eight skinfold calipers were compared in terms of dial accuracy, downscale force, and pressure at jaw openings of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm. Dynamic measures were made on four thicknesses of foam rubber. Foam rubber was used to simulate the compressibility of skinfolds and to eliminate subject and tester variability. Five caliper types were tested: 10 Harpenden (HRP), 9 Lange (LNG), 12 Slim Guide (85SG), 4 Skyndex (SKN), and 3 Lafayette (LF). Within-type variation was small and consistent across openings for dial accuracy, force, pressure, and foam rubber compressed thickness. Between-type pressures differed (p less than 0.01), with the HRP and LNG calipers having the highest but similar pressures and the SKN, LF, and 85SG calipers having the lowest but similar pressures. LF and LNG calipers (which differed from each other) had higher compressed foam rubber means than HRP, SKN, and 85SG calipers (p less than 0.01), which were similar to each other at three of four thicknesses. When average pressure was used as the covariate, differences between types were still large, with 97.5-99.3% of the variation explained by type. Compressibility of foam rubber was shown to be caliper specific. It is concluded that there are static and dynamic differences between the five major types of skinfold calipers. When measurer error is eliminated, the HRP, 85SG, and SKN calipers are similar to each other, but they give lower values than the LNG or LF calipers by approximately 50-100%, depending on compressed thickness. These differences should be noted when comparing skinfolds measured with dissimilar calipers.
对38把皮褶厚度计在刻度盘精度、下压力量以及钳口张开10、20、30、40和50毫米时的压力方面进行了比较。对四种厚度的泡沫橡胶进行了动态测量。使用泡沫橡胶来模拟皮褶的可压缩性，并消除受试者和测试者的变异性。测试了五种类型的皮褶厚度计：10把哈彭登（HRP）、9把兰格（LNG）、12把超薄型（85SG）、4把斯金德克斯（SKN）和3把拉斐特（LF）。对于刻度盘精度、力量、压力和泡沫橡胶压缩厚度，同一类型内的变化较小且在不同开口处保持一致。不同类型之间的压力存在差异（p小于0.01），HRP和LNG皮褶厚度计的压力最高且相近，而SKN、LF和85SG皮褶厚度计的压力最低且相近。LF和LNG皮褶厚度计（二者相互不同）的泡沫橡胶压缩平均值高于HRP、SKN和85SG皮褶厚度计（p小于0.01），在四种厚度中的三种情况下，HRP、SKN和85SG皮褶厚度计彼此相似。当将平均压力用作协变量时，不同类型之间的差异仍然很大，97.5% - 99.3%的变异可由类型解释。结果表明泡沫橡胶的可压缩性具有皮褶厚度计特异性。得出的结论是，五种主要类型的皮褶厚度计在静态和动态方面存在差异。当消除测量误差时，HRP、85SG和SKN皮褶厚度计彼此相似，但根据压缩厚度的不同，它们给出的值比LNG或LF皮褶厚度计低约50% - 100%。在比较用不同皮褶厚度计测量的皮褶时，应注意这些差异。
