Pugh Carla M, Britt L D
Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
ANZ J Surg. 2013 Jun;83(6):460-5. doi: 10.1111/ans.12217.
Quality and safety concerns have always been the impetus for evaluating surgical competence. This paper provides a focused overview of key historical events that lead to the development and implementation of surgical training standards and competency assessments in the United States.
Focused review of surgical literature.
The following events were found to correlate with the development and implementation of training standards and competency assessments: (i) The Flexner Report issued in 1910; (ii) The American Medical Association's 1928 endorsement of the 'Essentials of Approved Residencies and Fellowships'; and (iii) The formation of several major surgical organizations - American College of Surgeons (1913), American Board of Surgery (1937), Residency Review Committee for Surgery (1950) and Association of Program Directors in Surgery (1966).
The process by which competence is assessed in the US surgical training programmes is multifactorial and heavily linked to the structure and function of several national organizations in surgery and medicine.
质量与安全问题一直是评估手术能力的推动力。本文重点概述了在美国导致手术培训标准及能力评估得以发展和实施的关键历史事件。
对手术文献进行重点综述。
发现以下事件与培训标准及能力评估的发展和实施相关：（i）1910年发布的《弗莱克斯纳报告》；（ii）美国医学协会于1928年对“认可住院医师培训和专科培训要点”的认可；（iii）几个主要外科组织的成立——美国外科医师学会（1913年）、美国外科委员会（1937年）、外科住院医师培训评审委员会（1950年）以及外科项目主任协会（1966年）。
美国外科培训项目中能力评估的过程是多因素的，并且与外科学和医学领域几个国家组织的结构及功能紧密相关。
