Office of Public Health Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Mailstop D14, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Jun;19(6):938-44. doi: 10.3201/eid1906.120916.
School closures are used to reduce seasonal and pandemic influenza transmission, yet evidence of their effectiveness is sparse. In Argentina, annual winter school breaks occur during the influenza season, providing an opportunity to study this intervention. We used 2005-2008 national weekly surveillance data of visits to a health care provider for influenza-like illness (ILI) from all provinces. Using Serfling-specified Poisson regressions and population-based census denominators, we developed incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for the 3 weeks before, 2 weeks during, and 3 weeks after the break. For persons 5-64 years of age, IRRs were <1 for at least 1 week after the break. Observed rates returned to expected by the third week after the break; overall decrease among persons of all ages was 14%. The largest decrease was among children 5-14 years of age during the week after the break (37% lower IRR). Among adults, effects were weaker and delayed. Two-week winter school breaks significantly decreased visits to a health care provider for ILI among school-aged children and nonelderly adults.
学校关闭被用于减少季节性和大流行性流感的传播，但关于其效果的证据却很少。在阿根廷，每年冬季的学校假期都在流感季节进行，这为研究这种干预措施提供了机会。我们使用了 2005-2008 年来自所有省份的每周流感样疾病（ILI）就诊的全国性监测数据。使用 Serfling 特定的泊松回归和基于人口的普查分母，我们为假期前 3 周、假期期间 2 周和假期后 3 周开发了发病率比值（IRR）。对于 5-64 岁的人群，在假期后至少有 1 周的 IRR 低于 1。观察到的比率在假期后第 3 周恢复到预期水平；所有年龄段人群的总体下降为 14%。在假期后的一周，儿童 5-14 岁的下降幅度最大（IRR 降低 37%）。在成年人中，效果较弱且延迟。为期两周的冬季学校假期显著减少了学龄儿童和非老年成年人因 ILI 就诊的次数。
