Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
Obes Facts. 2013;6(3):258-68. doi: 10.1159/000352029. Epub 2013 May 28.
The Multi-Threat Framework accounts for potentially different forms of stereotype threat that differ in target (i.e., the individual or the group) and source (i.e., the self or others). This investigation examined how these different forms of perceived stereotype threat were related to concepts, such as group identity, stereotype endorsement, stigma consciousness, etc., among overweight and obese individuals.
216 adults completed an online survey. Participants' mean age was 23.6 (SD 10.1; range 18-64) years and mean BMI was 31.6 (SD 7.5) kg/m².
Participants reported a history of feeling threatened by stereotypes related to weight. When reflecting on past experiences of perceived stereotype threat, participants reported greater levels of self/own stereotype threat compared to group stereotype threat. Level of stereotype threat was related to a number of personal characteristics (i.e., sex, BMI) and individual factors (i.e., group identity, stigma consciousness, fear of fat).
Individuals who are overweight report a history of being threatened by negative stereotypes. The findings support the Multi-Threat Framework for stereotype threat based on body weight. Overweight individuals' susceptibility to stereotype threat may vary systematically depending on several factors. Future research should examine weight-related stereotypes' impact on cognitive and behavioral outcomes.
多威胁框架考虑了可能不同形式的刻板印象威胁，这些威胁在目标（即个体或群体）和来源（即自我或他人）上有所不同。本研究考察了这些不同形式的感知刻板印象威胁与超重和肥胖个体的概念（如群体认同、刻板印象认可、污名意识等）之间的关系。
216 名成年人完成了在线调查。参与者的平均年龄为 23.6 岁（标准差 10.1；范围 18-64 岁），平均 BMI 为 31.6（标准差 7.5）kg/m²。
参与者报告了曾因与体重相关的刻板印象而感到威胁的经历。当反思过去经历的感知刻板印象威胁时，参与者报告的自我/自身刻板印象威胁水平高于群体刻板印象威胁水平。威胁水平与一些个人特征（即性别、BMI）和个体因素（即群体认同、污名意识、对肥胖的恐惧）有关。
超重的个体报告了曾因负面刻板印象而受到威胁的经历。这些发现支持了基于体重的刻板印象威胁的多威胁框架。超重个体对刻板印象威胁的易感性可能会根据几个因素而系统地变化。未来的研究应该检验与体重相关的刻板印象对认知和行为结果的影响。
