Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013 Jul;34(7):723-9. doi: 10.1086/670992. Epub 2013 May 22.
To describe practices for influenza vaccination of healthcare personnel (HCP) with emphasis on correlates of increased vaccination rates.
Survey.
Volunteer sample of hospitals in Louisiana.
All hospitals in Louisiana were invited to participate. A 17-item questionnaire inquired about the hospital type, patients served, characteristics of the vaccination campaign, and the resulting vaccination rate.
Of 254 hospitals, 153 (60%) participated and were included in the 124 responses that were received. Most programs (64%) required that HCP either receive the vaccine or sign a declination form, and the rest were exclusively voluntary (36%); no program made vaccination a condition of employment. The median vaccination rate was 67%, and the vaccination rate was higher among hospitals that were accredited by the Joint Commission; provided acute care; served children, pregnant women, oncology patients, or intensive care unit patients; required a signed declination form; or imposed consequences for unvaccinated HCP (the most common of which was to require that a mask be worn on patient contact). Hospitals that provided free vaccine, made vaccine widely available, advertised the program extensively, required a declination form, and imposed consequences had the highest vaccination rates (median, 86%; range, 81%-91%).
The rate of influenza vaccination of HCP remains low among the hospitals surveyed. Recommended practices may not be enough to reach 90% vaccination rates unless a signed declination requirement and consequences are implemented. Wearing a mask is a strong consequence. Demanding influenza vaccination as a condition of employment was not reported as a practice by the participating hospitals.
描述医务人员（HCP）流感疫苗接种的实践情况，重点介绍增加疫苗接种率的相关因素。
调查。
路易斯安那州医院的志愿者样本。
邀请路易斯安那州的所有医院参与。一份 17 项内容的问卷询问了医院类型、服务对象、疫苗接种活动的特点以及由此产生的疫苗接种率。
在 254 家医院中，有 153 家（60%）参与并收到了 124 份回复。大多数计划（64%）要求 HCP 接种疫苗或签署拒绝接种表，其余计划（36%）则是完全自愿的；没有计划将接种疫苗作为就业条件。中位数疫苗接种率为 67%，接受联合委员会认证的医院、提供急性护理的医院、服务儿童、孕妇、肿瘤患者或重症监护病房患者的医院、要求签署拒绝接种表的医院或对未接种疫苗的 HCP 实施后果（最常见的是要求在接触患者时佩戴口罩）的医院疫苗接种率较高。提供免费疫苗、广泛提供疫苗、广泛宣传计划、要求签署拒绝接种表和实施后果的医院疫苗接种率最高（中位数为 86%；范围为 81%-91%）。
在所调查的医院中，HCP 的流感疫苗接种率仍然较低。除非实施签署拒绝接种表的要求和后果，否则推荐的实践可能不足以达到 90%的疫苗接种率。佩戴口罩是一种强有力的后果。参与医院没有报告将流感疫苗接种作为就业条件的做法。
