Water Technology Research Group, Centre for the Environment, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2013 Dec;20(12):8813-30. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-1863-y. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
Synthetic wastewaters are widely used in many fields of wastewater research and operational management. However, few comparative studies have been conducted on the large number of published formulations. Eleven synthetic formulations simulating municipal wastewaters were selected based on their frequency of use, relative complexity, ease of formulation and cost and compared to two real municipal wastewaters. Synthetic wastewaters vary significantly in their compositions and characteristics, especially in terms of alkalinity, BOD K 1, SOUR, BODU, COD/BOD and C/N/P ratio, although they are portrayed as 'typical' in terms of characteristics and suitability for use. The pH, alkalinity and the presence of Ca and Mg should be considered in combination with the diluent used. Where the diluent is tap water, then the presence of treatment chemicals should also be considered. The effects of the micronutrients present are also an important factor. The study found that no single formulation is appropriate for all situations. Both the Syntho and Synthes formulations attempt to simulate real wastewater, whereas other formulations primarily act as readily biodegradable vectors for toxicity analyses, characterisation studies and treatment process evaluations. The criteria for choosing a particular synthetic wastewater very much depend on its intended application and require careful selection.
合成废水广泛应用于废水研究和运行管理的许多领域。然而，对于已发表的大量配方，很少进行比较研究。根据使用频率、相对复杂性、配方的难易程度和成本，选择了 11 种模拟城市废水的合成配方，并与两种实际的城市废水进行了比较。尽管这些合成废水在特性和适用性方面被描述为“典型”，但其组成和特性差异很大，尤其是在碱度、BOD K1、SOUR、BODU、COD/BOD 和 C/N/P 比方面。pH 值、碱度以及 Ca 和 Mg 的存在应与所用稀释剂结合考虑。如果稀释剂是自来水，则还应考虑处理化学品的存在。存在的微量元素的影响也是一个重要因素。研究发现，没有一种配方适用于所有情况。Syntho 和 Synthes 配方都试图模拟实际废水，而其他配方主要用作毒性分析、特性研究和处理工艺评估的易生物降解载体。选择特定合成废水的标准在很大程度上取决于其预期应用，需要仔细选择。
