Kaese Sven, Frommeyer Gerrit, Verheule Sander, van Loon Gunther, Gehrmann Josef, Breithardt Günter, Eckardt Lars
Division of Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol. 2013 Jun;24(2):84-91. doi: 10.1007/s00399-013-0260-z. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
The most frequently used animal species in experimental cardiac electrophysiology are mice, rabbits, and dogs. Murine and human electrocardiograms (ECGs) show salient differences, including the occurrence of a pronounced J-wave and a less distinctive T-wave in the murine ECG. Mouse models can resemble human cardiac arrhythmias, although mice differ from human in cardiac electrophysiology. Thus, arrhythmia mechanisms in mice may differ from those in humans and should be transferred to the human situation with caution. Further relevant cardiovascular animal models are rabbits, dogs, and minipigs, as they show similarities of cardiac ion channel distribution with the human heart and are suitable to study ventricular repolarization or pro- and antiarrhythmic drug effects. ECG recordings in large animals like goats and horses are feasible. Both goats and horses are a suitable animal model to study atrial fibrillation (AF) mechanisms. Horses frequently show spontaneous AF due to their high vagal tone and large atria. The zebrafish has become an important animal model. Models in "exotic" animals such as kangaroos may be suitable for particular studies.
实验心脏电生理学中最常用的动物种类是小鼠、兔子和狗。小鼠和人类的心电图（ECG）存在显著差异，包括小鼠心电图中出现明显的J波和不太明显的T波。小鼠模型可以模拟人类心律失常，尽管小鼠在心脏电生理方面与人类不同。因此，小鼠的心律失常机制可能与人类不同，应谨慎地应用于人类情况。其他相关的心血管动物模型有兔子、狗和小型猪，因为它们的心脏离子通道分布与人类心脏相似，适合研究心室复极化或促心律失常和抗心律失常药物的作用。在山羊和马等大型动物身上进行心电图记录是可行的。山羊和马都是研究心房颤动（AF）机制的合适动物模型。由于马的迷走神经张力高和心房大，它们经常出现自发性房颤。斑马鱼已成为一种重要的动物模型。袋鼠等“外来”动物模型可能适用于特定研究。
