Agrigoroaei Stefan, Neupert Shevaun D, Lachman Margie E
Brandeis University.
GeroPsych (Bern). 2013 Mar 1;26(1):45-49. doi: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000078.
We considered the functional role of control beliefs for cognitive performance by focusing on patterns of stability across multiple trials increasing in level of difficulty. We assessed 56 adults aged 18-88 on working memory tasks. We examined stability vs. lability (intraindividual variability, IIV) in control beliefs and the relationships with anxiety, distraction, and performance. Age was positively associated with IIV in control and performance, and IIV increased with task difficulty. Those maintaining stable control beliefs had better performance, and showed less anxiety and distraction. Those with lower stability and less control showed steeper declines in performance and increases in distraction. The findings suggest that stability of control beliefs may serve a protective function in the context of cognitively challenging tasks.
我们通过关注在难度不断增加的多次试验中的稳定性模式，来考量控制信念对认知表现的功能作用。我们对56名年龄在18至88岁的成年人进行了工作记忆任务评估。我们考察了控制信念中的稳定性与易变性（个体内部变异性，IIV），以及它们与焦虑、注意力分散和表现之间的关系。年龄与控制和表现方面的IIV呈正相关，并且IIV随着任务难度的增加而增加。那些保持稳定控制信念的人表现更好，焦虑和注意力分散也更少。稳定性较低且控制力较弱的人表现下降更为明显，注意力分散也增加。研究结果表明，在认知具有挑战性的任务背景下，控制信念的稳定性可能起到保护作用。
