Piotrowicz Maria, Cianciara Dorota
Department of Health Promotion and Postgraduate Education, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw, Poland.
Przegl Epidemiol. 2013;67(1):69-74, 151-5.
The article presents the definitions, objectives, fields and tasks of non-governmental organizations in social life, health system and health policy. In addition, the article addresses the issue of effectiveness and quality of NGOs' activity. The term "NGOs" (Non-governmental Organizations) includes different categories of entities that operate not to obtain financial gain, and also do not belong to the government sector. Non-governmental Organizations' fields of activity were described in the International Classification of Non-Profit Organizations (ICNPO). NGOs are an integral part of a democratic society. Sociological sciences emphasize their importance in enhancing social integration, implementation of the principle of subsidiarity, building civil society, social dialogue and participatory democracy. The main tasks of NGOs in the health system are providing services and health advocacy. Provision of services includes medical, social and psychological services as well as, integration activities, care and nursing, material and financial support, educational and information services and training. Health advocacy is a combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy support, social acceptance and systems support for a particular health goal or program. An important task carried out by NGOs is participation in the formation of health policy. The increasing role of NGOs in providing social services and the participation in political processes, result in the need to confirm the validity and credibility of their operation. One of the ways could be to introduce the mechanisms to assess quality and efficiency, such as registration as a part of a legal system, self-regulatory activities (card rules, codes of ethics), certification, participation in networks, monitoring and audit.
本文介绍了非政府组织在社会生活、卫生系统和卫生政策方面的定义、目标、领域和任务。此外，本文还探讨了非政府组织活动的有效性和质量问题。“非政府组织”一词包括不同类别的实体，这些实体的运作并非为了获取经济利益，也不属于政府部门。非政府组织的活动领域在《国际非营利组织分类》（ICNPO）中有描述。非政府组织是民主社会不可或缺的一部分。社会科学强调它们在加强社会融合、实施辅助性原则、建设公民社会、社会对话和参与式民主方面的重要性。非政府组织在卫生系统中的主要任务是提供服务和进行卫生宣传。提供服务包括医疗、社会和心理服务，以及融合活动、护理、物质和财政支持、教育和信息服务及培训。卫生宣传是个人行动和社会行动的结合，旨在为特定的卫生目标或项目争取政治承诺、政策支持、社会认可和系统支持。非政府组织开展的一项重要任务是参与卫生政策的制定。非政府组织在提供社会服务和参与政治进程方面的作用日益增强，因此有必要确认其运作的有效性和可信度。一种方法可能是引入评估质量和效率的机制，例如作为法律制度一部分的注册、自我监管活动（章程规则、道德准则）、认证、参与网络、监测和审计。
