INRA, UMR 1319 MICALIS-AgroParisTech, La Minière, Guyancourt 78280, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2013 Jun 7;5(6):1119-39. doi: 10.3390/toxins5061119.
The Bacillus cereus sensu lato group contains diverse Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal diseases and severe eye infections in humans. They have also been incriminated in a multitude of other severe, and frequently fatal, clinical infections, such as osteomyelitis, septicaemia, pneumonia, liver abscess and meningitis, particularly in immuno-compromised patients and preterm neonates. The pathogenic properties of this organism are mediated by the synergistic effects of a number of virulence products that promote intestinal cell destruction and/or resistance to the host immune system. This review focuses on the pore-forming haemolysins produced by B. cereus: haemolysin I (cereolysin O), haemolysin II, haemolysin III and haemolysin IV (CytK). Haemolysin I belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC) family whose best known members are listeriolysin O and perfringolysin O, produced by L. monocytogenes and C. perfringens respectively. HlyII and CytK are oligomeric ß-barrel pore-forming toxins related to the α-toxin of S. aureus or the ß-toxin of C. perfringens. The structure of haemolysin III, the least characterized haemolytic toxin from the B. cereus, group has not yet been determined.
苏云金芽孢杆菌感观组群包含多种革兰氏阳性产芽孢细菌，这些细菌能够引发人类胃肠道疾病和严重眼部感染。它们还与多种严重、且频繁致命的临床感染有关，如骨髓炎、败血症、肺炎、肝脓肿和脑膜炎，尤其是在免疫功能低下的患者和早产儿中。该生物体的致病特性是由多种毒力因子的协同作用介导的，这些因子促进肠道细胞破坏和/或宿主免疫系统的抵抗。这篇综述重点介绍了苏云金芽孢杆菌产生的孔形成溶血素：溶血素 I（cereolysin O）、溶血素 II、溶血素 III 和溶血素 IV（CytK）。溶血素 I 属于胆固醇依赖性细胞溶解素（CDC）家族，该家族最著名的成员是李斯特菌溶血素 O 和产气荚膜梭菌溶血素 O，分别由单核细胞增生李斯特菌和产气荚膜梭菌产生。HlyII 和 CytK 是与金黄色葡萄球菌的α-毒素或产气荚膜梭菌的β-毒素相关的寡聚β-桶状孔形成毒素。苏云金芽孢杆菌感观组群中溶血素 III 的结构尚未确定，这是一种特征性溶血毒素。
