Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol. 2013;137:125-52. doi: 10.1007/10_2013_201.
: Increasing needs of green energy and concerns of climate change are motivating intensive R&D efforts toward the low-cost production of electricity and bioenergy, such as hydrogen, alcohols, and jet fuel, from renewable sugars. Cell-free biosystems for biomanufacturing (CFB2) have been suggested as an emerging platform to replace mainstream microbial fermentation for the cost-effective production of some biocommodities. As compared to whole-cell factories, cell-free biosystems comprised of synthetic enzymatic pathways have numerous advantages, such as high product yield, fast reaction rate, broad reaction condition, easy process control and regulation, tolerance of toxic compound/product, and an unmatched capability of performing unnatural reactions. However, issues pertaining to high costs and low stabilities of enzymes and cofactors as well as compromised optimal conditions for different source enzymes need to be solved before cell-free biosystems are scaled up for biomanufacturing. Here, we review the current status of cell-free technology, update recent advances, and focus on its applications in the production of electricity and bioenergy.
: 对绿色能源的需求不断增加以及对气候变化的担忧，促使人们大力开展研发工作，以从可再生糖中低成本生产电力和生物能源，如氢气、醇类和喷气燃料。无细胞生物制造系统（CFB2）已被提议作为一种新兴平台，以替代主流的微生物发酵，用于一些生物商品的经济高效生产。与全细胞工厂相比，由合成酶途径组成的无细胞生物系统具有许多优势，例如高产物产率、快速反应速率、广泛的反应条件、易于过程控制和调节、对有毒化合物/产物的耐受性以及进行非自然反应的无与伦比的能力。然而，在无细胞生物系统扩大用于生物制造之前，需要解决酶和辅因子成本高、稳定性低以及不同来源酶的最佳条件受损等问题。在这里，我们回顾了无细胞技术的现状，更新了最新进展，并重点介绍了其在电力和生物能源生产中的应用。
