Moseley Rachel L, Pulvermüller Friedemann, Mohr Bettina, Lombardo Michael V, Baron-Cohen Simon, Shtyrov Yury
MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK,
J Autism Dev Disord. 2014 Jan;44(1):137-53. doi: 10.1007/s10803-013-1858-z.
Reading utilises at least two neural pathways. The temporal lexical route visually maps whole words to their lexical entries, whilst the nonlexical route decodes words phonologically via parietal cortex. Readers typically employ the lexical route for familiar words, but poor comprehension plus precocity at mechanically 'sounding out' words suggests that differences might exist in autism. Combined MEG/EEG recordings of adults with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) and controls while reading revealed preferential recruitment of temporal areas in controls and additional parietal recruitment in ASC. Furthermore, a lack of differences between semantic word categories was consistent with previous suggestion that people with ASC may lack a 'default' lexical-semantic processing mode. These results are discussed with reference to dual-route models of reading.
阅读至少利用两条神经通路。颞叶词汇通路将整个单词视觉映射到其词汇条目，而非词汇通路则通过顶叶皮质对单词进行语音解码。读者通常对熟悉的单词采用词汇通路，但阅读理解能力差且在机械地“拼读”单词方面早熟，这表明自闭症患者可能存在差异。对患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASC）的成年人和对照组在阅读时进行的脑磁图（MEG）/脑电图（EEG）联合记录显示，对照组优先激活颞叶区域，而ASC患者还额外激活顶叶区域。此外，语义词类别之间缺乏差异与之前关于ASC患者可能缺乏“默认”词汇语义处理模式的观点一致。本文将结合阅读的双通道模型对这些结果进行讨论。
