Institute of Personality and Social Research, 4143 Tolman Hall #5050, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-5050, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2013 Aug;39(8):1097-110. doi: 10.1177/0146167213490031. Epub 2013 Jun 7.
Reconciling competing viewpoints suggesting that power helps and hurts perspective-taking in close relationships, in two experiments and two daily experience studies we tested the hypothesis that power's effect on perspective-taking depends on the extent to which people are relatively self-versus other-focused. In Study 1, recalling a time of high (vs. low) power over a romantic partner reduced inclinations to take the partner's perspective for relatively self-focused but not other-focused individuals. Studies 2 and 3 replicated Study 1 using daily variations in power and perspective-taking. In Study 4, being the "in-charge" partner during a conflict conversation reduced empathic accuracy for more self-focused individuals. Self-other focus was assessed with measures of gratitude, relational self-construal, and social value orientation. The current findings provide evidence that, particularly for the more self-focused, relationship power influences people's inclinations to take their romantic partner's perspective in daily life as well as their empathic accuracy during conflict.
调和了相互竞争的观点，这些观点表明权力在亲密关系中既有助于也不利于换位思考。在两个实验和两个日常经验研究中，我们检验了这样一个假设，即权力对换位思考的影响取决于人们相对于自我关注和他人关注的程度。在研究 1 中，回忆起在浪漫伴侣身上拥有高（相对于低）权力的时刻，会降低相对自我关注但不是他人关注的个体采取伴侣观点的倾向。研究 2 和 3 使用日常权力和换位思考的变化复制了研究 1。在研究 4 中，在冲突对话中担任“负责人”的角色会降低对更自我关注的个体的同理心准确性。自我-他人焦点是通过感恩、关系自我建构和社会价值取向的衡量来评估的。目前的研究结果提供了证据表明，特别是对于更自我关注的个体，关系权力会影响他们在日常生活中采取浪漫伴侣观点的倾向，以及在冲突期间的同理心准确性。
