Haugstvedt S, Friman A M, Danielson K
Department of Paediatric Surgery, Västra Frölunda Hospital, Sweden.
Z Kinderchir. 1990 Jun;45(3):148-50. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1042570.
The plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine after dermal application of EMLA cream 5% were determined in two clinical studies. The cream (10-16 g) was applied to a total surface area of 100-160 cm2. Each area was covered by a Tegaderm dressing (3M) in order to obtain occlusion. An application time of 2 hours was used. Two age groups of ten children were studied: 2-3 years and 6-8 years. In both groups venous blood samples were drawn prior to application and at 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours. In addition, in one of the studies, the cream was used during the surgical removal of mollusca in order to study the analgesic effect of the cream. The absorption of the local anaesthetics as indicated by plasma concentrations was far below toxic levels. The highest individual concentration of lidocaine was 315 ng/ml and of prilocaine 215 ng/ml. The analgesic effect was sufficient--eight out of ten patients experienced no or slight pain. Transient local reactions (paleness, redness) were frequently observed. In one patient with eczema present at the application site prior to the application, a reaction persisted for one week. Dermal analgesia provided by EMLA is a safe and effective method for alleviation of pain from removal of mollusca and the plasma concentrations are innocuous.
在两项临床研究中测定了外用5%复方利多卡因乳膏后利多卡因和丙胺卡因的血浆浓度。将乳膏（10 - 16克）涂抹于总面积为100 - 160平方厘米的皮肤上。每个部位用3M Tegaderm敷料覆盖以形成封闭环境。涂抹时间为2小时。研究了两个年龄组，每组10名儿童：2 - 3岁和6 - 8岁。在两组中，于涂抹前以及涂抹后2、3、4和5小时采集静脉血样。此外，在其中一项研究中，在手术切除软体动物期间使用该乳膏以研究其镇痛效果。血浆浓度表明局部麻醉药的吸收远低于中毒水平。利多卡因的最高个体浓度为315纳克/毫升，丙胺卡因的最高个体浓度为215纳克/毫升。镇痛效果良好——十分之八的患者未感到疼痛或仅有轻微疼痛。经常观察到短暂的局部反应（苍白、发红）。在一名涂抹前涂抹部位就有湿疹的患者中，反应持续了一周。复方利多卡因乳膏提供的皮肤镇痛是一种安全有效的减轻软体动物切除疼痛的方法，且血浆浓度无害。
