Department of Health Officer, College of Health Science & referral Hospital, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Arch Public Health. 2013 Jun 8;71(1):13. doi: 10.1186/0778-7367-71-13.
Literatures on prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among peoples living with HIV/AIDS are limited in Ethiopia and not well documented either. The proper implementation of nutritional support and its integration with the routine highly active antiretroviral therapy package demands a clear picture of the magnitude and associated factors of malnutrition. The objective of this study is, therefore, to assess the prevalence and factors associated with malnutrition among peoples living with HIV/AIDS.
Institution based cross sectional study was conducted in Dilla University referral Hospital including adult HIV patients who were in highly active anti retroviral therapy. Interview administered questionnaires were used to collect data on socio demographic factors. Besides, HIV related clinical information was extracted from anti retro viral therapy data base and clinical charts. The nutritional status of the patients was determined by Body Mass Index (BMI) where BMI < 18kg/m2 was defined as malnutrition according to World Health Organization (WHO). Binary logistic regression was used to assess association between different risk factors and malnutrition. Confidence interval of 95% was considered to see the precision of the study and the level of significance was taken at α <0.05.
A total of 520 patients were included in the analysis. The overall prevalence of malnutrition was 12.3% (95% CI 9.5-15.0). After full control of all variables; unemployment (OR = 3.61, 95% CI: 3.6 - 7.76), WHO clinical stage four (OR = 12.9, 95% CI: 2.49- 15.25), gastrointestinal symptoms (OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.56 - 10.78) and previous (one) opportunistic infection (OR = 3.1, 95% CI 2.06 - 5.46), and two & above previous opportunistic infections (OR = 4.5, 95% CI: 3.38 - 10.57) were significantly associated with malnutrition. However, moderately poor economic condition was found to be protective factor for malnutrition (OR = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.14 - 0.95).
Unemployment, WHO clinical AIDS stage four, one & more number of previous opportunistic infections and gastrointestinal symptoms were found to be important risk factors for malnutrition among People Living with HIV/AIDS. From this study it has been learnt that nutritional programs should be an integral part of HIV/AIDS continuum of care. Furthermore, it needs to improve household income of PLHIV with employment opportunity and to engage them in income generating activities as well.
在埃塞俄比亚，有关艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者营养不良的流行情况和相关因素的文献十分有限，也没有很好地记录下来。适当实施营养支持并将其纳入常规高效抗逆转录病毒治疗方案，需要清楚了解营养不良的严重程度和相关因素。因此，本研究旨在评估艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者营养不良的流行情况和相关因素。
在迪拉大学转诊医院进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究，包括正在接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗的成年艾滋病毒感染者。使用访谈式问卷收集社会人口统计学因素方面的数据。此外，还从抗逆转录病毒治疗数据库和临床图表中提取了与艾滋病毒相关的临床信息。患者的营养状况通过身体质量指数（BMI）来确定，根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准，BMI<18kg/m2 被定义为营养不良。采用二元逻辑回归评估不同危险因素与营养不良之间的关联。置信区间为 95%，以了解研究的准确性，显著性水平设为α<0.05。
共有 520 名患者纳入分析。营养不良的总患病率为 12.3%（95%CI 9.5-15.0）。在充分控制所有变量后；失业（OR=3.61，95%CI：3.6-7.76）、世界卫生组织临床分期四期（OR=12.9，95%CI：2.49-15.25）、胃肠道症状（OR=5.3，95%CI：2.56-10.78）和以前（一次）机会性感染（OR=3.1，95%CI 2.06-5.46）以及两次或以上以前的机会性感染（OR=4.5，95%CI：3.38-10.57）与营养不良显著相关。然而，中度贫困经济状况被发现是营养不良的保护因素（OR=0.4，95%CI：0.14-0.95）。
失业、世界卫生组织临床艾滋病四期、一次及以上以前的机会性感染和胃肠道症状是艾滋病毒感染者营养不良的重要危险因素。从这项研究中可以了解到，营养方案应该是艾滋病毒/艾滋病连续护理的一个组成部分。此外，需要通过就业机会提高艾滋病毒感染者的家庭收入，并让他们参与创收活动。
