Carrade Danielle D, Borjesson Dori L
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Comp Med. 2013 Jun;63(3):207-17.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult-derived multipotent stem cells that have been derived from almost every tissue. They are classically defined as spindle-shaped, plastic-adherent cells capable of adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. This capacity for trilineage differentiation has been the foundation for research into the use of MSC to regenerate damaged tissues. Recent studies have shown that MSC interact with cells of the immune system and modulate their function. Although many of the details underlying the mechanisms by which MSC modulate the immune system have been defined for human and rodent (mouse and rat) MSC, much less is known about MSC from other veterinary species. This knowledge gap is particularly important because the clinical use of MSC in veterinary medicine is increasing and far exceeds the use of MSC in human medicine. It is crucial to determine how MSC modulate the immune system for each animal species as well as for MSC derived from any given tissue source. A comparative approach provides a unique translational opportunity to bring novel cell-based therapies to the veterinary market as well as enhance the utility of animal models for human disorders. The current review covers what is currently known about MSC and their immunomodulatory functions in veterinary species, excluding laboratory rodents.
间充质干细胞(MSC)是源自几乎所有组织的成体多能干细胞。它们传统上被定义为纺锤形、贴壁生长的细胞,能够进行脂肪生成、软骨生成和成骨分化。这种三系分化能力一直是研究利用MSC再生受损组织的基础。最近的研究表明,MSC与免疫系统细胞相互作用并调节其功能。尽管对于人类和啮齿动物(小鼠和大鼠)的MSC调节免疫系统的机制的许多细节已经明确,但对于其他兽医物种的MSC了解较少。这一知识差距尤为重要,因为MSC在兽医学中的临床应用正在增加,且远远超过其在人类医学中的应用。确定MSC如何调节每种动物物种以及源自任何给定组织来源的MSC的免疫系统至关重要。比较方法提供了一个独特的转化机会,可将基于细胞的新型疗法推向兽医市场,并提高动物模型对人类疾病的效用。本综述涵盖了目前已知的关于兽医物种(不包括实验啮齿动物)的MSC及其免疫调节功能的内容。