Institute of Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013 May;110(19):331-7. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2013.0331. Epub 2013 May 10.
The epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in Germany is of major societal interest, as is the question of the predictive value of genetic and acquired risk factors.
We present clinically relevant aspects of these topics on the basis of a selective review of pertinent literature retrieved by a PubMed search that centered on population-based studies.
The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland [DEGS1], 2008-2011) revealed that diabetes was diagnosed in 7.2% of the population aged 18 to 79 years (women 7.4%, men 7.0%). These figures are two percentage points higher than those found in the preceding national survey (1998). The percentage of cases that were not captured by these surveys is estimated at 2% to 7% depending on the method. Independently of personal factors (the individual's life style), it seems that living in a disadvantaged region characterized by high unemployment, air pollution, and poor infrastructure raises the risk of diabetes. Moreover, type 2 diabetes has a substantial hereditary component. More than 60 genetic regions have been identified to date that affect the risk of type 2 diabetes, yet all of them together account for only 10% to 15% of the genetic background of the disease.
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Germany has risen in recent years. The discovery of new genetic variants that confer a higher risk of developing the disease has improved our understanding of insulin secretion in diabetes pathogenesis rather than the prediction of individual diabetes risk ("personalized medicine").
德国 2 型糖尿病的流行病学情况受到社会的广泛关注，人们同样关注遗传和获得性风险因素的预测价值。
我们基于对以人群为基础的研究为中心的 PubMed 检索中检索到的相关文献的选择性回顾，介绍了这些主题的临床相关方面。
德国成年人健康访谈和体检调查（Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland [DEGS1]，2008-2011 年）显示，18 至 79 岁人群中糖尿病的诊断率为 7.2%（女性 7.4%，男性 7.0%）。这些数字比前一次全国性调查（1998 年）高两个百分点。根据方法的不同，这些调查未捕获的病例百分比估计在 2%至 7%之间。除了个人因素（个人生活方式）外，生活在失业、空气污染和基础设施较差的弱势地区似乎会增加患糖尿病的风险。此外，2 型糖尿病具有实质性的遗传成分。迄今为止，已经确定了 60 多个影响 2 型糖尿病风险的遗传区域，但它们加在一起仅占该疾病遗传背景的 10%至 15%。
近年来，德国 2 型糖尿病的患病率有所上升。发现新的遗传变异可增加患糖尿病的风险，这提高了我们对糖尿病发病机制中胰岛素分泌的理解，而不是对个体糖尿病风险的预测（“个性化医学”）。
