Diamantis A, Magiorkinis E
Department of Cytopathology, Naval Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Cytopathology. 2014 Aug;25(4):215-24. doi: 10.1111/cyt.12074. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
The purpose of our study was to summarize the knowledge on exfoliative cytology during the 19th century and to track down Papanicolaou's predecessors. A thorough study of texts, medical books and reports, together with a review of the available literature in PubMed, was undertaken. The study of cytological preparations as a diagnostic procedure can be traced back to the work of the famous French microscopist Alfred François Donné. However, the systematic study and the criteria for the diagnosis of malignant cells should be attributed to Johannes Müller. The increasing interest in the cytological examination of various fluids of the human body can be confirmed by a plethora of studies published during this period. By the end of the 19th century, the invention of new techniques in pathology, such as the introduction of cell block techniques, tissue sections and new staining methods which provided the opportunity to study surgical specimens in three dimensions, led to a decrease in the interest in exfoliative cytology, which was re-discovered by George Papanicolaou almost three decades later.
我们研究的目的是总结19世纪关于脱落细胞学的知识，并探寻帕潘尼古拉乌的前辈。我们对文本、医学书籍和报告进行了深入研究，并查阅了PubMed上的现有文献。作为一种诊断程序，对细胞学标本的研究可以追溯到著名的法国显微镜学家阿尔弗雷德·弗朗索瓦·多内的工作。然而，对恶性细胞的系统研究和诊断标准应归功于约翰内斯·米勒。这一时期发表的大量研究证实了人们对人体各种体液细胞学检查的兴趣与日俱增。到19世纪末，病理学新技术的发明，如细胞块技术、组织切片和新染色方法的引入，为三维研究手术标本提供了机会，导致人们对脱落细胞学的兴趣下降，而大约三十年后乔治·帕潘尼古拉乌重新发现了它。
