Magiorkinis Emmanouil, Diamantis Aristidis
Department of Cytopathology, Naval Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Diagn Cytopathol. 2015 Dec;43(12):1020-36. doi: 10.1002/dc.23370. Epub 2015 Sep 22.
The purpose of this study was to present the evolution of ideas on the examination of urine from antiquity till our days. A thorough study of texts, medical books from antiquity till twentieth century along with a thorough review of the available literature in PubMed was conducted. The first observation on urine examination can be traced back to the Babylonian and Sumerian texts. Almost all physicians in antiquity including Hippocrates referred to the value of urine examination in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. The construction of first compound microscope lead to the examination of urine sediment and the development of Urine Cytology which was revolutionized during the twentieth century with the studies of important cytologists such as George Papanicolaou, Geoffrey Krabbe, and Leopold Koss. The introduction of molecular tests in the diagnosis of urothelial cancer inaugurated a new era in the study of urine cytology. The history of urine examination spans a period of 6,000 years. The application of microscope in the examination of urine sediment during the nineteenth century established urine analysis as an important diagnostic tool in clinical practice.
本研究的目的是呈现从古至今尿液检查观念的演变。我们对从古至今直至20世纪的文本、医学书籍进行了全面研究，并对PubMed上的现有文献进行了全面综述。对尿液检查的首次观察可追溯到巴比伦和苏美尔文本。古代几乎所有医生，包括希波克拉底，都提到了尿液检查在疾病诊断和预后中的价值。第一台复式显微镜的发明使得尿液沉渣检查成为可能，并推动了尿液细胞学的发展，在20世纪，随着乔治·帕潘尼古拉乌、杰弗里·克拉贝和利奥波德·科斯等重要细胞学家的研究，尿液细胞学发生了革命性变化。分子检测在尿路上皮癌诊断中的应用开创了尿液细胞学研究的新纪元。尿液检查的历史跨越了6000年。19世纪显微镜在尿液沉渣检查中的应用使尿液分析成为临床实践中的一项重要诊断工具。
