Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 427 Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
Cytokine. 2013 Sep;63(3):230-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.05.007. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
Enteroviruses are the most common human viral pathogens worldwide. This genus of small, non-enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses includes coxsackievirus, rhinovirus, echovirus, and poliovirus species. Infection with these viruses can induce mild symptoms that resemble the common cold, but can also be associated with more severe syndromes such as poliomyelitis, neurological diseases including aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, myocarditis, and the onset of type I diabetes. In humans, polarized epithelial cells lining the respiratory and/or digestive tracts represent the initial sites of infection by enteroviruses. Control of infection in the host is initiated through the engagement of a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs act as the sentinels of the innate immune system and serve to alert the host to the presence of a viral invader. This review assembles the available data annotating the role of PRRs in the response to enteroviral infection as well as the myriad ways by which enteroviruses both interrupt and manipulate PRR signaling to enhance their own replication, thereby inducing human disease.
肠道病毒是全球最常见的人类病毒病原体。该属的小而无包膜的单链 RNA 病毒包括柯萨奇病毒、鼻病毒、埃可病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒。这些病毒的感染会引起类似于普通感冒的轻微症状，但也可能与更严重的综合征相关，如脊髓灰质炎、包括无菌性脑膜炎和脑炎在内的神经疾病、心肌炎和 1 型糖尿病的发作。在人类中，呼吸道和/或消化道排列的极化上皮细胞是肠道病毒感染的初始部位。宿主对感染的控制是通过多种模式识别受体 (PRR) 的参与而启动的。PRR 作为先天免疫系统的哨兵，有助于提醒宿主病毒入侵的存在。这篇综述汇集了现有的数据，这些数据标注了 PRR 在肠道病毒感染反应中的作用，以及肠道病毒中断和操纵 PRR 信号以增强自身复制从而诱导人类疾病的多种方式。
