Odendall Charlotte, Kagan Jonathan C
Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Microbes Infect. 2017 Apr-May;19(4-5):229-237. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 14.
The innate immune system detects the presence of microbes through different families of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs detect pathogens of all origins and trigger signaling events that activate innate and adaptive immunity. These events need to be tightly regulated in order to ensure optimal activation when required, and minimal signaling in the absence of microbial encounters. This regulation is achieved, at least in part, through the precise subcellular positioning of receptors and downstream signaling proteins. Consequently, mislocalization of these proteins inhibits innate immune pathways, and pathogens have evolved to alter host protein localization as a strategy to evade immune detection. This review describes the importance of subcellular localization of various PRR families and their adaptors, and highlights pathogenic immune evasion strategies that operate by altering immune protein localization.
固有免疫系统通过不同家族的模式识别受体（PRR）来检测微生物的存在。PRR可检测所有来源的病原体，并触发激活固有免疫和适应性免疫的信号事件。这些事件需要严格调控，以确保在需要时实现最佳激活，并在未遇到微生物时将信号传递降至最低。这种调控至少部分是通过受体和下游信号蛋白的精确亚细胞定位来实现的。因此，这些蛋白的错误定位会抑制固有免疫途径，而病原体已经进化出改变宿主蛋白定位的策略来逃避免疫检测。本综述描述了各种PRR家族及其接头蛋白亚细胞定位的重要性，并强调了通过改变免疫蛋白定位来发挥作用的致病性免疫逃避策略。
