Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Yale J Biol Med. 2013 Jun 13;86(2):245-54. Print 2013 Jun.
Julius Wagner-Jauregg, a preeminent Austrian psychiatrist was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1927 for the development of malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis, or general paresis of the insane. Despite being only one of three psychiatrists to win a Nobel Prize, he has faded from public consciousness and his name recognition pales in comparison to his contemporary and fellow Austrian, Sigmund Freud. This paper explores his contributions to the field of biological psychiatry and also touches upon reasons, such as the growing bioethics movement, his controversial affiliation with the Nazi Party, and the evolution of neurosyphilis, that explain why Wagner-Jauregg is not more widely celebrated for his contributions to the field of psychiatry, even though his malarial treatment could be considered the earliest triumph of biological psychiatry over psychoanalysis.
尤利乌斯·瓦格纳-尧雷格（Julius Wagner-Jauregg）是一位杰出的奥地利精神病学家，他因开发疟疾疗法治疗神经梅毒（亦称麻痹性痴呆）而获得 1927 年诺贝尔医学奖。尽管他是仅有的三位获得诺贝尔奖的精神病学家之一，但他已经从公众意识中消失，他的知名度与同时代的奥地利人西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（Sigmund Freud）相比相形见绌。本文探讨了他对生物精神病学领域的贡献，也探讨了一些原因，例如不断发展的生物伦理学运动、他与纳粹党的有争议的关系，以及神经梅毒的演变，这些原因解释了为什么瓦格纳-尧雷格（Wagner-Jauregg）并没有因其对精神病学领域的贡献而得到更广泛的赞誉，尽管他的疟疾治疗可以被认为是生物精神病学对精神分析最早的胜利之一。
