a Department of Communication , College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky , USA.
J Health Commun. 2013;18(10):1221-34. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2013.778357. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
To examine differences in knowledge, attitudes, and related practices among adopters and nonadopters of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, the researchers conducted 83 in-depth interviews with 18- to 26-year-old women. The study identified knowledge-attitude-practice gaps in the context of the HPV vaccine to explain why diffusion of a preventive innovation (such as the HPV vaccine) requires targeted risk communication strategies in order to increase demand. Salient findings included similarities between vaccinated and unvaccinated women's lack of knowledge and uncertainties about HPV and cervical cancer. Vaccinated women who had no knowledge of HPV or no-risk/low-risk perceptions of HPV reported receiving vaccination, indicating HPV risk protection behavior could precede knowledge acquisition for vaccinated women. These vaccinated women identified an interpersonal network supportive of vaccination and reported supportive social influences. Among unvaccinated women, unsupportive vaccination attitudes included low perceived personal risk of HPV. In contrast, unvaccinated women often cited erroneous beliefs that HPV could be avoided by abstinence, monogamy, and knowledge of their partners' sexual history as reasons that the vaccine was not personally relevant. Unvaccinated women cited interpersonal influences that activated short- and long-term vaccination safety and efficacy concerns. Different levels of fear regarding the HPV vaccine may underlie (a) attitudinal differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated women in perceived vaccination value and (b) attitude-practice gaps.
为了研究人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗接种者和未接种者在知识、态度和相关实践方面的差异，研究人员对 18 至 26 岁的女性进行了 83 次深入访谈。本研究在 HPV 疫苗背景下发现了知识-态度-实践差距，以解释为什么为了增加需求，预防创新（如 HPV 疫苗）的传播需要有针对性的风险沟通策略。研究结果包括：接种和未接种疫苗的女性对 HPV 和宫颈癌的了解程度相似，存在不确定性；对 HPV 没有风险/低风险认知的已接种疫苗的女性报告自己接种了疫苗，这表明对于已接种疫苗的女性来说，HPV 风险保护行为可能先于知识的获取；这些接种疫苗的女性确定了一个支持接种疫苗的人际网络，并报告了得到了社会支持。在未接种疫苗的女性中，不支持接种疫苗的态度包括认为自己感染 HPV 的风险低。相比之下，未接种疫苗的女性经常错误地认为，HPV 可以通过禁欲、一夫一妻制和了解伴侣的性史来避免，这是她们认为疫苗与自己无关的原因。未接种疫苗的女性提到了一些人际影响因素，这些因素会激活短期和长期的疫苗安全性和有效性问题。对 HPV 疫苗的不同程度的恐惧可能是（a）已接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的女性对疫苗接种价值的态度差异的基础，（b）也是态度-实践差距的基础。
