Department of Microbial Ecology, Faculty of Life Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2013 Feb;27(1):47-58. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2013.03.005.
The human intestine harbours a complex microbial ecosystem that performs manifold functions important to the nutrition and health of its host. Extensive study has revealed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota is altered in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The IBD associated intestinal microbiota generally has reduced species richness and diversity, lower temporal stability, and disruption of the secreted mucus layer structure. Multiple studies have identified certain bacterial taxa that are enriched or depleted in IBD including Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Desulfovibrio (enriched) and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae, and Akkermansia (depleted). Additionally, the relative abundance of some taxa appears to correlate with established markers of disease activity such as Enterobacteriaceae (enriched) and Lachnospiraceae (depleted). Signature shifts in fecal microbial community composition may therefore prove to be valuable as diagnostic biomarkers, particularly for longitudinal monitoring of disease activity and response to treatments.
人类肠道中栖息着一个复杂的微生物生态系统，这个系统对宿主的营养和健康具有多种重要功能。大量研究表明，患有炎症性肠病（IBD）的个体的肠道微生物群组成发生了改变。IBD 相关的肠道微生物群通常具有较低的物种丰富度和多样性、较低的时间稳定性，以及分泌的黏液层结构被破坏。多项研究已经确定了在 IBD 中富集或缺失的某些细菌分类群，包括肠杆菌科、瘤胃球菌属和脱硫弧菌（富集）以及普拉梭菌属、毛螺菌科和阿克曼氏菌（缺失）。此外，某些分类群的相对丰度似乎与疾病活动的既定标志物相关，如肠杆菌科（富集）和毛螺菌科（缺失）。因此，粪便微生物群落组成的特征性变化可能被证明是有价值的诊断生物标志物，特别是用于疾病活动的纵向监测和对治疗的反应。
