Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2013 Sep;22(9):1498-508. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0210. Epub 2013 Jun 18.
In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) released eight recommendations related to body fatness, physical activity, and diet aimed at preventing the most common cancers worldwide. However, limited information exists on the association between meeting these recommendations and risks of specific cancers, including breast cancer.
We operationalized six recommendations (related to body fatness, physical activity, foods that promote weight gain, plant foods, red and processed meats, and alcohol) and examined their association with invasive breast cancer incidence over 6.7 years of follow-up in the Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) study cohort. Participants included 30,797 postmenopausal women, ages 50-76 years at baseline in 2000-2002 with no history of breast cancer. Breast cancers (n = 899) were tracked through the Western Washington Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.
Breast cancer risk was reduced by 60% in women who met at least five recommendations compared with those who met none [HR: 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25-0.65; Ptrend < 0.001]. Further analyses that sequentially removed individual recommendations least associated with reduced risk suggested that this reduction is due to meeting recommendations related to body fatness, plant foods, and alcohol (HR for meeting vs. not meeting these three recommendations: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.25-0.58; Ptrend < 0.001).
Meeting the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations, specifically those related to alcohol, body fatness, and plant foods, is associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.
Increased adherence to the WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations could substantially reduce postmenopausal breast cancer risk in U.S. women.
2007 年，世界癌症研究基金会（WCRF）和美国癌症研究所（AICR）发布了八项与体脂、身体活动和饮食相关的建议，旨在预防全球最常见的癌症。然而，关于这些建议与特定癌症风险之间的关联，包括乳腺癌，相关信息有限。
我们将六项建议（与体脂、身体活动、促进体重增加的食物、植物性食物、红色和加工肉类以及酒精有关）进行了操作化，并在 2000-2002 年基线时年龄在 50-76 岁且无乳腺癌病史的 30797 名绝经后妇女的维生素和生活方式（VITAL）研究队列中，对其与浸润性乳腺癌发病风险进行了 6.7 年的随访。乳腺癌（n=899）通过西部华盛顿监测、流行病学和结果数据库进行追踪。
与未满足任何建议的女性相比，至少满足五项建议的女性乳腺癌风险降低了 60%[HR：0.40；95%置信区间（CI）：0.25-0.65；Ptrend <0.001]。进一步的分析表明，这种降低是由于满足了与体脂、植物性食物和酒精相关的建议（与不满足这些三个建议相比，满足这些建议的 HR：0.38；95%CI：0.25-0.58；Ptrend <0.001）。
满足 WCRF/AICR 癌症预防建议，特别是与酒精、体脂和植物性食物相关的建议，与绝经后乳腺癌发病率降低相关。
提高对 WCRF/AICR 癌症预防建议的遵循程度，可能会大大降低美国女性绝经后乳腺癌的风险。
