Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
Br J Cancer. 2020 May;122(10):1562-1570. doi: 10.1038/s41416-020-0806-x. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
In 2018, the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) issued revised recommendations for cancer prevention. We examined the relation between adherence to these recommendations and risk of total cancer in two population-based Swedish prospective cohorts (29,451 men and 25,349 women).
Standardized-WCRF/AICR 2018 and simplified-WCRF/AICR 2018 adherence scores were constructed based on the WCRF/AICR recommendations for body weight, physical activity, diet, alcohol consumption and dietary supplement use. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
During the 15.4 years of follow-up, 12,693 incident cancers were ascertained. The multivariable HR between extreme categories of the Standardized-WCRF/AICR 2018 score (4.1-7 vs. 0-2) was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.82-0.95) and for the Simplified score (5-8 vs. 0-2) was 0.85 (95% CI = 0.80-0.90); each 1-score increment in recommendation adherence was associated with 3% (95% CI = 1-5%) and 4% (95% CI = 2-5%) decreased risk, respectively. Based on the Simplified scoring, most participants (>90%) did not meet WCRF/AICR 2018 recommendations regarding consumption of plant foods, limited consumption of red/processed meat and 'fast food'/processed food, and <50% of participants met the weight and physical activity recommendations.
Adherence to the 2018WCRF/AICR recommendations substantially reduced the risk of total cancer. Given that many people do not meet the recommendations, there is a great potential for cancer prevention.
2018 年，世界癌症研究基金会/美国癌症研究所（WCRF/AICR）发布了癌症预防修订建议。我们在两个基于人群的瑞典前瞻性队列中（29451 名男性和 25349 名女性），研究了这些建议的遵循程度与总癌症风险之间的关系。
根据 WCRF/AICR 对体重、身体活动、饮食、酒精摄入和膳食补充剂使用的建议，构建了标准化-WCRF/AICR 2018 依从性评分和简化-WCRF/AICR 2018 依从性评分。数据通过自我管理问卷收集。
在 15.4 年的随访期间，确定了 12693 例新发癌症。极端类别之间的多变量 HR 标准化-WCRF/AICR 2018 评分（4.1-7 与 0-2）为 0.88（95%CI=0.82-0.95）和简化评分（5-8 与 0-2）为 0.85（95%CI=0.80-0.90）；每增加 1 分建议的遵守程度，风险分别降低 3%（95%CI=1-5%）和 4%（95%CI=2-5%）。基于简化评分，大多数参与者（>90%）不符合 WCRF/AICR 2018 关于植物性食物、限制食用红色/加工肉类和“快餐”/加工食品的建议，<50%的参与者符合体重和身体活动建议。
遵循 2018 年 WCRF/AICR 建议大大降低了总癌症风险。鉴于许多人不符合建议，癌症预防有很大的潜力。
