Maton K I
Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County 21228.
Am J Community Psychol. 1990 Apr;18(2):297-320. doi: 10.1007/BF00931306.
Meaningful involvement in instrumental activity, social support, and well-being were assessed in two studies. The first study focused on older adolescents enrolled in college (mean age, 18.8; N = 152), and the second on urban black male, and pregnant female, teen-agers (mean age, 17.1; N = 92), half of whom (N = 46) were school dropouts. In both studies, regression analyses indicated that meaningful instrumental activity was positively related to life satisfaction, independent of social support from friends and from parents. In addition, meaningful instrumental activity was positively related to self-esteem to a greater extent (a) for male than for female college students (Study 1); and (b) for school-attending than for school-dropout urban black males (Study 2). In Study 2, higher mean levels of meaningful instrumental activity were reported (a) by school-attending than by school-dropout urban adolescents; and (b) by black male teens than by pregnant female teens. The implications for future research and intervention are discussed.
在两项研究中评估了对工具性活动的有意义参与、社会支持和幸福感。第一项研究聚焦于上大学的大龄青少年（平均年龄18.8岁；N = 152），第二项研究聚焦于城市黑人男性青少年和怀孕的女性青少年（平均年龄17.1岁；N = 92），其中一半（N = 46）是辍学者。在两项研究中，回归分析表明，有意义的工具性活动与生活满意度呈正相关，与来自朋友和父母的社会支持无关。此外，有意义的工具性活动与自尊的正相关程度在以下情况更高：(a) 对于男性大学生而非女性大学生（研究1）；以及(b) 对于在校的城市黑人男性青少年而非辍学的城市黑人男性青少年（研究2）。在研究2中，报告的有意义工具性活动的平均水平更高的情况如下：(a) 在校的城市青少年高于辍学的城市青少年；以及(b) 黑人男性青少年高于怀孕的女性青少年。讨论了对未来研究和干预的启示。
