Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Jul;43(7):798-810. doi: 10.1111/cea.12111.
Cow's milk allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children and no treatment is available. Dietary lipid composition may affect the susceptibility to develop allergic disease.
Assess whether dietary supplementation with long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) prevents the establishment of food allergy.
Mice were fed a control or fish oil diet before and during oral sensitization with whey. Acute allergic skin response, serum immunoglobulins as well as dendritic cell (DC) and T cell subsets in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen and/or small intestine were assessed.
The acute allergic skin response was reduced by more than 50% in sensitized mice fed the fish oil diet compared to the control diet. In addition, anti-whey-IgE and anti-whey-IgG1 levels were decreased in the fish oil group. Serum transfer confirmed that the Th2-type humoral response was suppressed since sera of fish oil fed sensitized mice had a diminished capacity to induce an allergic effector response in naïve recipient mice compared to control sera. Furthermore, the acute skin response was diminished upon passive sensitization in fish oil fed naïve recipient mice. In addition, the percentage of activated Th1 cells was reduced by fish oil in spleen and MLN of sham mice. The percentage of activated Th2 cells was reduced in both sham- and whey-sensitized mice. In contrast, whey-sensitized mice showed an increased percentage of CD11b+CD103+CD8α- DC in MLN in association with enhanced FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in spleen and intestine of fish oil fed whey-sensitized mice compared to sham mice.
Dietary n-3 LCPUFA largely prevented allergic sensitization in a murine model for cow's milk allergy by suppressing the humoral response, enhancing local intestinal and systemic Treg and reducing acute allergic symptoms, suggesting future applications for the primary prevention of food allergy.
牛奶过敏是儿童最常见的食物过敏之一，目前尚无治疗方法。饮食中的脂质组成可能会影响发生过敏性疾病的易感性。
评估长链 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LCPUFA）膳食补充是否可以预防食物过敏的发生。
在乳清口服致敏之前和期间，用对照饮食或鱼油饮食喂养小鼠。评估急性过敏皮肤反应、血清免疫球蛋白以及肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）、脾脏和/或小肠中的树突状细胞（DC）和 T 细胞亚群。
与对照饮食相比，食用鱼油饮食的致敏小鼠的急性过敏皮肤反应减少了 50%以上。此外，鱼油组的抗乳清 IgE 和抗乳清 IgG1 水平降低。血清转移证实，由于鱼油喂养的致敏小鼠的血清降低了诱导幼稚受体小鼠发生过敏效应反应的能力，因此 Th2 型体液反应受到抑制。与对照血清相比。此外，在食用鱼油的幼稚受体小鼠中，被动致敏时急性皮肤反应减弱。此外，在假手术小鼠的脾和 MLN 中，鱼油降低了活化的 Th1 细胞的比例。在假手术和乳清致敏的小鼠中，活化的 Th2 细胞比例均降低。相比之下，与假手术小鼠相比，乳清致敏的小鼠 MLN 中 CD11b+CD103+CD8α- DC 的比例增加，并且食用鱼油的乳清致敏小鼠的脾和肠中 FoxP3+调节性 T 细胞（Treg）增加。
在乳清过敏的小鼠模型中，膳食 n-3 LCPUFA 主要通过抑制体液反应、增强局部肠道和全身 Treg 以及减轻急性过敏症状来预防过敏致敏，这表明其在预防食物过敏方面具有未来的应用前景。
