Maina Elisa, Cox Eric
Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 128, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland.
Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
BMC Vet Res. 2025 Apr 14;21(1):269. doi: 10.1186/s12917-025-04720-0.
Adverse food reactions (AFR) are a common cause of skin diseases in dogs, with a prevalence of up to 24%. Research in humans and mice has shown that a high intake of vegetable oils rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) can increase the risk and severity of allergic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between AFR and the supplementation of vegetable oils in the canine diet.
A total of 459 dogs were analyzed, with atopic dermatitis (22.66%) and adverse food reactions (AFR) (8.06%) being the most common diagnoses. Oil supplementation was recorded in 14.16% of dogs, with extra-virgin olive oil being the most common (70.77%). Dogs with AFR and concurrent AFR and CAD showed significantly higher oil supplementation rates compared to other conditions (P < 0.05; P < 0.001). No significant association was found between oil type and diagnosis (P = 0.563). After excluding EFA-supplemented dogs and those on prescription dermo diets, oil supplementation was still more prevalent in dogs with AFR compared to other conditions (29.31% vs. 10.10%, P < 0.001).
Vegetable oil supplementation was more frequent in dogs with AFR than in those with other dermatological conditions. This is the first study to evaluate the relationship between vegetable oil supplementation and AFR in dogs. While vegetable oil supplementation is associated with AFR, further studies are needed to establish causality and better understand the role of n-6 PUFA in the development of food allergies in dogs.
食物不良反应（AFR）是犬类皮肤病的常见病因，患病率高达24%。对人类和小鼠的研究表明，大量摄入富含ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸（n-6 PUFA）的植物油会增加过敏性疾病的风险和严重程度。本研究旨在调查AFR与犬类饮食中植物油补充之间的关联。
共分析了459只犬，最常见的诊断为特应性皮炎（22.66%）和食物不良反应（AFR）（8.06%）。14.16%的犬记录有油补充，其中特级初榨橄榄油最为常见（70.77%）。与其他情况相比，患有AFR以及同时患有AFR和CAD的犬的油补充率显著更高（P < 0.05；P < 0.001）。未发现油的类型与诊断之间存在显著关联（P = 0.563）。在排除补充必需脂肪酸的犬和食用处方皮肤饮食的犬后，与其他情况相比，AFR犬的油补充仍然更为普遍（29.31%对10.10%，P < 0.001）。
AFR犬比其他皮肤病犬更频繁地补充植物油。这是第一项评估犬类植物油补充与AFR之间关系的研究。虽然植物油补充与AFR有关，但需要进一步研究以确定因果关系，并更好地了解n-6 PUFA在犬类食物过敏发展中的作用。
