Department of Ophthalmology, University of California , San Francisco, CA, USA.
Curr Eye Res. 2013 Oct;38(10):1049-56. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2013.803124. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Previous work has suggested a possible relationship between nutritional supplementation with iron and calcium, and a diagnosis of glaucoma. The present study investigates the association between dietary and total calcium and iron consumption with a diagnosis of glaucoma.
This cross-sectional study included 6316 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2008), age 40 or older, who participated in the dietary interview portion of NHANES. Intake of the oxidants calcium and iron was assessed using the National Cancer Institute Method of analyzing data from multiple 24-h dietary recall interviews. Participants self-reported the presence or absence of glaucoma as well as information pertaining to demographics, health-related behaviors and comorbidities.
Adjusted odds of glaucoma increased with higher total consumption of calcium (p-trend <0.0001) and iron (p-trend <0.0001). Adjusted odds of glaucoma was significantly greater for total calcium intake at the third (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.32-1.89) and fourth quintile levels (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.43) and for total iron intake at the fourth (OR 2.95, 95% CI 2.52-3.45) and fifth quintile levels (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.36-1.83), compared with the corresponding lowest quintile of intake. In contrast, a tendency towards decreased odds of glaucoma was observed with increasing dietary calcium (p-trend = 0.0008) and iron intake (p-trend = 0.0022).
While greater total consumption of calcium and iron may be associated with increased odds of glaucoma, dietary rather than supplemental consumption of these oxidants was found to be associated with lower odds of glaucoma. Additional research is necessary to elucidate the relationship between glaucoma and oxidant intake from foods versus supplements, and to prospectively evaluate whether oxidant intake is related to glaucoma incidence and progression.
先前的研究表明，铁和钙的营养补充与青光眼的诊断之间可能存在关联。本研究旨在调查饮食和总钙及铁的摄入量与青光眼诊断之间的相关性。
本横断面研究纳入了参加 2005-2008 年国家健康和营养调查（NHANES）、年龄在 40 岁及以上且参加 NHANES 饮食访谈部分的 6316 名参与者。采用国家癌症研究所分析多次 24 小时饮食回忆访谈数据的方法评估钙和铁的氧化剂摄入量。参与者自我报告青光眼的存在情况以及与人口统计学、健康相关行为和合并症相关的信息。
总钙摄入量（P 趋势<0.0001）和铁摄入量（P 趋势<0.0001）较高时，青光眼的调整后比值比增加。与最低摄入量五分位相比，总钙摄入量处于第三（比值比 1.58，95%置信区间 1.32-1.89）和第四五分位（比值比 1.21，95%置信区间 1.03-1.43）以及总铁摄入量处于第四（比值比 2.95，95%置信区间 2.52-3.45）和第五五分位（比值比 1.58，95%置信区间 1.36-1.83）时，青光眼的调整后比值比显著更高。相比之下，随着饮食钙（P 趋势=0.0008）和铁摄入量（P 趋势=0.0022）的增加，青光眼的比值比呈下降趋势。
虽然钙和铁的总摄入量增加可能与青光眼的发生几率增加相关，但饮食而非补充这些氧化剂的摄入量与青光眼的发生几率较低相关。需要进一步的研究来阐明食物与补充剂来源的氧化剂摄入与青光眼之间的关系，并前瞻性评估氧化剂摄入是否与青光眼的发生率和进展相关。
