Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012 Feb 13;53(2):725-31. doi: 10.1167/iovs.11-9038.
To investigate the relationship between supplementary consumption of the oxidants calcium and iron and the prevalence of glaucoma.
This cross-sectional study included 3833 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2007 and 2008, ≥ 40 years of age, who reported a presence or absence of glaucoma. Participants were interviewed regarding the use of dietary supplements and antacids during the preceding 30-day period. Data pertaining to the supplementary intake of calcium and iron was aggregated and divided into quintiles. Information regarding the presence or absence of glaucoma and demographics, comorbidities, and health-related behavior was obtained via interview.
Participants who consumed ≥ 800 mg/d of supplementary calcium or ≥ 18 mg/d of supplementary iron had significantly higher odds of having been diagnosed with glaucoma than did those who had not consumed supplementary calcium or iron, after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-4.76 for calcium; OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.79-8.06 for iron). Concurrent consumption of both calcium and iron above these levels was associated with still greater odds of having been diagnosed with glaucoma (OR 7.24, 95% CI 2.42-21.62). A clear dose-response relationship between quintiles of supplementary calcium or iron intake and glaucoma prevalence was not found.
These results suggest that there may be a threshold intake of iron and calcium above which there is an increased risk of development of glaucoma. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed, to assess whether oxidant intake is a risk factor for development and progression of glaucoma.
探讨氧化剂钙和铁的补充摄入与青光眼患病率之间的关系。
本横断面研究纳入了 2007 年和 2008 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES）中的 3833 名年龄≥40 岁、报告存在或不存在青光眼的参与者。参与者接受了关于在过去 30 天内是否使用膳食补充剂和抗酸剂的访谈。汇总并将有关钙和铁补充摄入量的数据分为五分位数。通过访谈获得有关青光眼以及人口统计学、合并症和与健康相关行为的存在与否的信息。
在调整了潜在混杂因素后，与未补充钙或铁的参与者相比，补充≥800mg/d 钙或≥18mg/d 铁的参与者被诊断患有青光眼的几率显著更高（钙的比值比[OR]为 2.44，95%置信区间[CI]为 1.25-4.76；铁的 OR 为 3.80，95% CI 为 1.79-8.06）。同时摄入这两种水平以上的钙和铁与被诊断患有青光眼的几率更高相关（OR 为 7.24，95% CI 为 2.42-21.62）。并未发现补充钙或铁摄入量五分位数与青光眼患病率之间存在明显的剂量-反应关系。
这些结果表明，铁和钙的补充摄入量可能存在一个阈值，超过该阈值会增加患青光眼的风险。需要进行前瞻性纵向研究，以评估氧化剂摄入是否是青光眼发展和进展的危险因素。
