University of Western Ontario.
J Health Polit Policy Law. 2013 Oct;38(5):957-86. doi: 10.1215/03616878-2334674. Epub 2013 Jun 21.
Many of those who support organ donation do not register to become organ donors. The use of reciprocity systems, under which some degree of priority is offered to registered donors who require an organ transplant, is one suggestion for increasing registration rates. This article uses a combination of survey and focus group methodologies to explore the reaction of Canadians to a reciprocity proposal. Our results suggest that the response is mixed. Participants are more convinced of the efficacy than they are of the fairness of a reciprocity system. Those more positive about donation (decided donors and those leaning toward donation) rate the system more positively. Although there is general endorsement of the notion that those who wish to receive should be prepared to give (the Golden Rule), this does not translate into universal support for a reciprocity system. In discussions of efficacy, decided donors focus on the positive impact of reciprocity, whereas undecided donors also reflect on the limits of reciprocity for promoting registration. The results demonstrate divided support for reciprocity systems in the Canadian context, with perceptions of efficacy at the cost of fairness. Further studies are warranted prior to considering a reciprocity system in Canada.
许多支持器官捐赠的人并没有登记成为器官捐赠者。有人建议使用互惠系统，根据该系统，为需要器官移植的登记捐赠者提供一定程度的优先权，以提高登记率。本文采用调查和焦点小组相结合的方法，探讨了加拿大人对互惠提议的反应。我们的研究结果表明，反应是复杂的。参与者对互惠系统的有效性的置信度高于对其公平性的置信度。那些对捐赠更持肯定态度的人（已决定捐赠者和倾向于捐赠者）对该系统的评价更为积极。尽管人们普遍认为，那些希望接受的人应该准备好给予（黄金法则），但这并不意味着普遍支持互惠系统。在讨论有效性时，已决定的捐赠者关注互惠的积极影响，而未决定的捐赠者也在反思互惠在促进登记方面的局限性。研究结果表明，在加拿大背景下，人们对互惠系统的支持存在分歧，认为其有效性是以牺牲公平性为代价的。在考虑在加拿大实行互惠系统之前，有必要进行进一步的研究。
