Jaisoorya T S, Beena K V, Beena M, Ellangovan K, Thennarassu K, Bowden-Jones Henrietta, Benegal Vivek, George Sanju
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, 560 029, India.
National Rural Health Mission, Ernakulam, Kerala, India.
J Gambl Stud. 2017 Jun;33(2):449-460. doi: 10.1007/s10899-016-9651-5.
Studies from the West suggest that significant numbers of high school students gamble, despite it being illegal in this age group. To date, there have been no studies on the prevalence of gambling among senior high school and higher secondary school students in India. This study reports point prevalence of gambling and its psychosocial correlates among high school students in the State of Kerala, India. 5043 high school students in the age group 15-19 years, from 73 schools, were selected by cluster random sampling from the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, South India. They completed questionnaires that assessed gambling, substance use, psychological distress, suicidality, and symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Of a total of 4989 completed questionnaires, 1400 (27.9 %) high school students reported to have ever gambled and 353 (7.1 %) were problem gamblers. Of those who had ever gambled, 25.2 % were problem gamblers. Sports betting (betting on cricket and football) was the most popular form of gambling followed by the lottery. Problem gamblers when compared with non-problem gamblers and non-gamblers were significantly more likely to be male, have academic failures, have higher rates of lifetime alcohol and tobacco use, psychological distress, suicidality, history of sexual abuse and higher ADHD symptom scores. Gambling among adolescents in India deserves greater attention, as one in four students who ever gambled was a problem gambler and because of its association with a range of psychosocial variables.
西方的研究表明，尽管在这个年龄段赌博是违法的，但仍有相当数量的高中生参与赌博。迄今为止，印度尚未有关于高中和高中以上学生赌博流行情况的研究。本研究报告了印度喀拉拉邦高中生赌博的现患率及其心理社会相关因素。通过整群随机抽样，从印度南部喀拉拉邦埃尔讷古勒姆区的73所学校中选取了5043名年龄在15至19岁之间的高中生。他们完成了评估赌博、物质使用、心理困扰、自杀倾向以及注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的问卷。在总共4989份完成的问卷中，1400名（27.9%）高中生报告曾参与赌博，353名（7.1%）为问题赌徒。在曾参与赌博的人群中，25.2%是问题赌徒。体育博彩（对板球和足球比赛下注）是最受欢迎的赌博形式，其次是彩票。与非问题赌徒和非赌徒相比，问题赌徒更有可能是男性，学业成绩较差，终生酒精和烟草使用率更高，存在心理困扰、自杀倾向、性虐待史，且ADHD症状得分更高。印度青少年中的赌博问题值得更多关注，因为每四名曾参与赌博的学生中就有一名是问题赌徒，而且它与一系列心理社会变量有关。
