Albertí Constança, Jardí Josefina, Manzanera Rafael, Torá Isabel, Delclós Jordi, Benavides Fernando G
Arch Prev Riesgos Labor. 2012 Oct-Dec;15(4):172-7. doi: 10.12961/aprl.2012.15.4.02.
To describe nonoccupational temporary sickness absence episodes registered in Catalonia between 2007 and 2010.
We analysed 4,273,601 sickness absence episodes (SA) that came to closure between 2007 and 2010, registered through Catalonian Primary Health centers. Annual incidence rates per 100 workers, and median and mean duration of days lost per worker were examined by gender, age, province, social security scheme, and major ICD-10 diagnostic groups.
There was a consistent downward trend in mean duration of days lost per worker (from 12.2 days in 2007 to 10.8 in 2010), and in incidence rates (from 34.4 to 30.4 cases per 100 workers). This pattern was observed in both men and women, although overall men had a lower incidence, median duration and mean days lost per worker than women. The most frequent diagnostic groups were respiratory diseases (about 7 episodes per 100 workers), musculoskeletal disorders (decreasing from 6.9 to 3.2 over the study period), and infections (about 4 episodes per 100 workers). The longest median durations were those associated with neoplasms (about 50 days), mental disorders (30 days) and cardiovascular diseases (between 20 and 30 days).
These trends may serve as a baseline for planning and evaluating policies directed at better management of sickness absence in Spain.
描述2007年至2010年加泰罗尼亚登记的非职业性短期病假情况。
我们分析了2007年至2010年期间通过加泰罗尼亚初级卫生中心登记的4273601起病假事件（SA）。按性别、年龄、省份、社会保障计划和国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）主要诊断组，检查了每100名工人的年发病率以及每名工人损失天数的中位数和平均数。
每名工人损失天数的平均数（从2007年的12.2天降至2010年的10.8天）和发病率（从每100名工人34.4例降至30.4例）均呈持续下降趋势。男性和女性均呈现这种模式，不过总体而言，男性的发病率、中位数持续时间和每名工人的平均损失天数低于女性。最常见的诊断组为呼吸系统疾病（每100名工人约7次发作）、肌肉骨骼疾病（在研究期间从6.9降至3.2）和感染（每100名工人约4次发作）。中位数持续时间最长的是与肿瘤（约50天）、精神障碍（30天）和心血管疾病（20至30天）相关的疾病。
这些趋势可作为西班牙制定和评估旨在更好管理病假政策的基线。
