Pan American Foot-and-Mouth Disease Center (PANAFTOSA), Pan American Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization, Avenida Governador Leonel de Moura Brizola, Duque de Caxias CEP 25045-002, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2013 Jun 24;368(1623):20120381. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0381. Print 2013 Aug 5.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly transmissible and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed livestock. Although vaccines are available and have been instrumental in eliminating the disease from most of the South American animal population, viral circulation still persists in some countries and areas, posing a threat to the advances of the last 60 years by the official veterinary services with considerable support of the livestock sectors. The importance of the disease for the social and economic development of the American continent led to the establishment in 1951 of the Pan American Centre for Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PANAFTOSA), which has been providing technical cooperation to countries for the elimination of the disease. The first FMD national elimination programmes were established in South America around the 1960s and 1970s. To advance the regional elimination efforts in the 1980s, countries agreed on a Plan of Action 1988-2009 of the Hemispheric Program for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease. The Plan of Action 1988-2009 did not reach the goal of elimination from the continent; and a new Plan of Action 2011-2020 was developed in 2010 based on the experience acquired by the countries and PANAFTOSA during the past 60 years. This plan is now being implemented; several challenges are still to be overcome to ensure the elimination of FMD from the Americas by 2020, however, the goal is achievable.
口蹄疫（FMD）是一种高传染性且对畜牧业极具破坏性的疾病，主要感染偶蹄类动物。尽管目前已有疫苗，并在消灭大多数南美动物群的口蹄疫方面发挥了重要作用，但在一些国家和地区，病毒仍在传播，对过去 60 年来官方兽医服务在畜牧业大力支持下取得的进展构成威胁。由于该疾病对口蹄疫在美洲大陆的社会和经济发展至关重要，因此于 1951 年成立了泛美口蹄疫中心（PANAFTOSA），该中心一直为各国提供消灭该疾病的技术合作。20 世纪 60 年代和 70 年代，南美洲首次制定了口蹄疫国家消除计划。为了在 20 世纪 80 年代推进区域消除工作，各国同意执行《1988-2009 年半球消灭口蹄疫行动计划》。《1988-2009 年行动计划》并未实现从该大陆消除口蹄疫的目标；因此，2010 年根据各国和 PANAFTOSA 在过去 60 年中积累的经验制定了新的《2011-2020 年行动计划》。该计划正在实施中；为了确保到 2020 年从美洲消除口蹄疫，仍有一些挑战需要克服，但这一目标是可以实现的。
