UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), Box 296, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013 Jun 27;10:85. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-85.
Socio-ecological models of behaviour suggest that dietary behaviours are potentially shaped by exposure to the food environment ('foodscape'). Research on associations between the foodscape and diet and health has largely focussed on foodscapes around the home, despite recognition that non-home environments are likely to be important in a more complete assessment of foodscape exposure. This paper characterises and describes foodscape exposure of different types, at home, at work, and along commuting routes for a sample of working adults in Cambridgeshire, UK.
Home and work locations, and transport habits for 2,696 adults aged 29-60 were drawn from the Fenland Study, UK. Food outlet locations were obtained from local councils and classified by type - we focus on convenience stores, restaurants, supermarkets and takeaway food outlets. Density of and proximity to food outlets was characterised at home and work. Commuting routes were modelled based on the shortest street network distance between home and work, with exposure (counts of food outlets) that accounted for travel mode and frequency. We describe these three domains of food environment exposure using descriptive and inferential statistics.
For all types of food outlet, we found very different foodscapes around homes and workplaces (with overall outlet exposure at work 125% higher), as well as a potentially substantial exposure contribution from commuting routes. On average, work and commuting environments each contributed to foodscape exposure at least equally to residential neighbourhoods, which only accounted for roughly 30% of total exposure. Furthermore, for participants with highest overall exposure to takeaway food outlets, workplaces accounted for most of the exposure. Levels of relative exposure between home, work and commuting environments were poorly correlated.
Relying solely on residential neighbourhood characterisation greatly underestimated total foodscape exposure in this sample, with levels of home exposure unrelated to levels of away from home exposure. Such mis-estimation is likely to be expressed in analyses as attenuated parameter estimates, suggesting a minimal 'environmental' contribution to outcomes of interest. Future work should aim to assess exposure more completely through characterising environments beyond the residential neighbourhood, where behaviours related to food consumption are likely to occur.
行为的社会生态学模型表明，饮食行为可能受到食物环境（“食物景观”）的影响。尽管认识到非家庭环境在更全面评估食物景观暴露方面可能很重要，但关于食物景观与饮食和健康之间的关联的研究主要集中在家庭周围的食物景观上。本文描述和描述了英国剑桥郡一组工作成年人在家中、工作中和通勤路线上不同类型的食物景观暴露情况。
从 Fenland 研究中抽取了 2696 名年龄在 29-60 岁的成年人的家庭和工作地点以及交通习惯。从地方议会获得了食品店的位置，并按类型进行了分类-我们专注于便利店、餐馆、超市和外卖食品店。在家中和工作中描述了食物店的密度和接近度。通勤路线是根据家庭和工作之间最短的街道网络距离建模的，考虑了出行方式和频率的暴露（食物店数量）。我们使用描述性和推断性统计数据描述这三个食物环境暴露领域。
对于所有类型的食品店，我们在家和工作场所周围发现了非常不同的食物景观（整体食品店暴露在工作场所高出 125％），并且通勤路线可能会对食物景观暴露产生重大影响。平均而言，工作和通勤环境对食物景观暴露的贡献至少与住宅区相当，住宅区仅占总暴露量的 30％左右。此外，对于整体上接受外卖食品店暴露最高的参与者，工作场所占了大部分暴露量。家庭、工作和通勤环境之间的相对暴露水平相关性较差。
仅依靠住宅区的特征描述极大地低估了该样本中的总食物景观暴露量，家庭暴露水平与远离家庭的暴露水平无关。这种错误估计可能会在分析中表现为参数估计值减弱，表明对感兴趣的结果的影响最小。未来的工作应通过描述可能发生与食物消费相关的行为的居住环境之外的环境，以更全面地评估暴露情况。
