Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología, Clayton, Panama; Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de Panamá, Panama.
Acta Trop. 2013 Oct;128(1):61-9. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.06.012. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
Anopheles punctimacula s.l. is a regional malaria vector in parts of Central America, but its role in transmission is controversial due to its unresolved taxonomic status. Two cryptic species, An. malefactor and An. calderoni, have been previously confused with this taxon, and evidence for further genetic differentiation has been proposed. In the present study we collected and morphologically identified adult female mosquitoes of An. punctimacula s.l. from 10 localities across Panama and one in Costa Rica. DNA sequences from three molecular regions, the three prime end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (3' COI), the Barcode region in the five prime end of the COI (5' COI), and the rDNA second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) were used to test the hypothesis of new molecular lineages within An. punctimacula s.l. Phylogenetic analyses using the 3' COI depicted six highly supported molecular lineages (A-F), none of which was An. malefactor. In contrast, phylogenetic inference with the 5' COI demonstrated paraphyly. Tree topologies based on the combined COI regions and ITS2 sequence data supported the same six lineages as the 3' COI alone. As a whole this evidence suggests that An. punctimacula s.l. comprises two geographically isolated lineages, but it is not clear whether these are true species. The phylogenetic structure of the An. punctimacula cluster as well as that of other unknown lineages (C type I vs C type II; D vs E) appears to be driven by geographic partition, because members of these assemblages did not overlap spatially. We report An. malefactor for the first time in Costa Rica, but our data do not support the presence of An. calderoni in Panama.
按蚊 punctimacula s.l. 是中美洲部分地区的地方性疟疾媒介，但由于其分类地位尚未解决，其在传播中的作用存在争议。先前曾将两种隐生种，即 An. malefactor 和 An. calderoni，与该分类群混淆，并且已经提出了进一步遗传分化的证据。在本研究中，我们从巴拿马的 10 个地点和哥斯达黎加的 1 个地点收集并形态鉴定了按蚊 punctimacula s.l. 的成年雌性蚊子。来自三个分子区域的 DNA 序列，即线粒体细胞色素 c 氧化酶 I 基因的 3' 端（3' COI）、COI 5' 端的条形码区（5' COI）和 rDNA 第二内部转录间隔区（ITS2），用于测试 An. punctimacula s.l. 内新分子谱系的假设。使用 3' COI 的系统发育分析描绘了六个高度支持的分子谱系（A-F），其中没有一个是 An. malefactor。相比之下，使用 5' COI 的系统发育推断显示了并系。基于 COI 区域和 ITS2 序列数据的联合树拓扑支持与仅使用 3' COI 相同的六个谱系。总的来说，这一证据表明按蚊 punctimacula s.l. 由两个地理上隔离的谱系组成，但尚不清楚这些谱系是否为真正的物种。按蚊 punctimacula 聚类的系统发育结构以及其他未知谱系（C 型 I 与 C 型 II；D 与 E）的系统发育结构似乎是由地理分区驱动的，因为这些组合的成员在空间上没有重叠。我们首次在哥斯达黎加报告了 An. malefactor，但我们的数据不支持 An. calderoni 在巴拿马的存在。
