Microbiology Research Institute, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Parasit Vectors. 2020 Jul 1;13(1):333. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04203-1.
Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria, one of the most important infectious diseases in the tropics. More than 500 Anopheles species have been described worldwide, and more than 30 are considered a public health problem. In Honduras, information on the distribution of Anopheles spp. and its genetic diversity is scarce. This study aimed to describe the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes in Honduras.
Mosquitoes were captured in 8 locations in 5 malaria endemic departments during 2019. Two collection methods were used. Adult anophelines were captured outdoors using CDC light traps and by aspiration of mosquitoes at rest. Morphological identification was performed using taxonomic keys. Genetic analyses included the sequencing of a partial region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (cox1) and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2).
A total of 1320 anophelines were collected and identified through morphological keys. Seven Anopheles species were identified. Anopheles albimanus was the most widespread and abundant species (74.02%). To confirm the morphological identification of the specimens, 175 and 122 sequences were obtained for cox1 and ITS2, respectively. Both markers confirmed the morphological identification. cox1 showed a greater nucleotide diversity than ITS2 in all species. High genetic diversity was observed within the populations of An. albimanus while An. darlingi proved to be a highly homogeneous population. Phylogenetic analyses revealed clustering patterns in An. darlingi and An. neivai in relation to specimens from South America. New sequences for An. crucians, An. vestitipennis and An. neivai are reported in this study.
Here we report the distribution and genetic diversity of Anopheles species in endemic areas of malaria transmission in Honduras. According to our results, both taxonomic and molecular approaches are useful tools in the identification of anopheline mosquitoes. However, both molecular markers differ in their ability to detect intraspecific genetic diversity. These results provide supporting data for a better understanding of the distribution of malaria vectors in Honduras.
疟蚊是疟疾的传播媒介，疟疾是热带地区最重要的传染病之一。全世界已经描述了超过 500 种疟蚊，其中超过 30 种被认为是公共卫生问题。在洪都拉斯，关于疟蚊属的分布及其遗传多样性的信息很少。本研究旨在描述洪都拉斯疟蚊的分布和遗传多样性。
2019 年，在 5 个疟疾流行地区的 8 个地点使用两种采集方法采集了蚊子。用 CDC 诱蚊灯在户外采集成蚊，并用吸蚊器采集栖息的蚊子。用分类学关键技术进行形态学鉴定。遗传分析包括部分细胞色素氧化酶 1 基因（cox1）和核糖体内部转录间隔区 2（ITS2）的测序。
共采集并通过形态学鉴定了 1320 只疟蚊。鉴定出 7 种疟蚊。分布最广、数量最多的是致倦库蚊（74.02%）。为了确认标本的形态学鉴定，分别获得了 cox1 和 ITS2 的 175 个和 122 个序列。这两个标记都证实了形态学鉴定。cox1 在所有物种中的核苷酸多样性均大于 ITS2。致倦库蚊种群内遗传多样性较高，而冈比亚按蚊种群遗传均一性较高。系统发育分析显示，在与来自南美洲的标本比较时，致倦库蚊和雷氏按蚊呈现聚类模式。本研究报告了新的库蚊、刺扰伊蚊和冈比亚按蚊的序列。
本研究报告了洪都拉斯疟疾传播流行地区疟蚊属的分布和遗传多样性。根据我们的结果，分类学和分子方法都是鉴定疟蚊的有用工具。然而，这两种分子标记在检测种内遗传多样性的能力上有所不同。这些结果为更好地了解洪都拉斯疟疾传播媒介的分布提供了支持性数据。
