Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Acta Trop. 2013 Oct;128(1):48-53. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.06.010. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
Smallholder semi-confined pig production is a fast growing practice in sub-Saharan Africa with an unfortunate outcome of high prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses. The widely used anthelmintic for control of endo and ecto-parasites in pigs in the area is ivermectin at a recommended dose of 0.3mg/kg. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety in pigs after subcutaneous injection of ivermectin (IVM, 0.3mg/kg) and orally administration of oxfendazole (OFZ, 30mg/kg) in treatment of porcine cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs. A total of 61 pigs with T. solium cysticercosis (38 males and 23 females) as identified by tongue palpation with age ranging from 3 to 24 months were recruited. The pigs were stratified based on sex, age and number of cysts on the tongue and randomly allocated to IVM, OFZ and control groups. Three days before treatment and two weeks after treatment faecal samples and skin scrapings were taken to establish the burden of endo- and ectoparasites, respectively and the effect of the treatment. No adverse effect was observed in any of the treatment groups throughout the study period. Half of the pigs from each group were slaughtered at week four and the remaining half at week twelve post treatment. The IVM treatment group had no significant effect (p=0.224) on T. solium cysts viability in comparison to the control group. Significant effect on cysts viability was observed in the OFZ treated group (p<0.001) compared to IVM and control groups in all muscle tissues. Regarding to brain cysts, neither of the drugs was efficacious. Ivermectin and OFZ treatments significantly reduced (p<0.001) the faecal egg count of Ascaris suum, strongyles and Trichuris suis two weeks after treatment. At slaughter, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus were recovered from pigs in the IVM treated and in the control groups. Ivermectin was 100% effective in control of Sarcoptes scabiei. In conclusion, IVM at a single dose of 0.3mg/kg was efficacious against ectoparasites but did not effectively cure pigs from T. solium cysticercosis or nematodes. Oxfendazole, on the other hand, killed all nematodes and muscle cysts, but did not have any effect on ectoparasites. A combination of the two drugs would be a most useful treatment option for control of pig parasitoses in sub-Saharan Africa.
撒哈拉以南非洲的小农户半封闭式养猪业发展迅速，但不幸的是，猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病和其他寄生虫病的流行率很高。该地区用于控制猪内寄生虫和外寄生虫的广泛使用的驱虫药是伊维菌素，推荐剂量为 0.3mg/kg。本研究旨在评估经皮注射伊维菌素（IVM，0.3mg/kg）和口服奥芬达唑（OFZ，30mg/kg）治疗自然感染猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病和其他寄生虫病的疗效和安全性。总共招募了 61 头经舌诊确诊为猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病（38 头雄性和 23 头雌性）的猪，年龄在 3 至 24 个月之间。根据性别、年龄和舌头上的囊尾蚴数量将猪分层，并随机分配到 IVM、OFZ 和对照组。在治疗前 3 天和治疗后 2 周，采集粪便样本和皮肤刮片，分别确定内寄生虫和外寄生虫的负担以及治疗效果。在整个研究期间，治疗组均未观察到任何不良反应。每组一半的猪在治疗后第 4 周屠宰，另一半在第 12 周屠宰。与对照组相比，IVM 治疗组对猪带绦虫囊尾蚴的活力没有显著影响（p=0.224）。与 IVM 和对照组相比，OFZ 治疗组在所有肌肉组织中对囊尾蚴活力均有显著影响（p<0.001）。关于脑囊尾蚴，两种药物均无效。伊维菌素和奥芬达唑治疗可显著降低（p<0.001）治疗后两周猪的猪蛔虫、鞭虫和猪鞭虫的粪便卵数。屠宰时，从 IVM 治疗组和对照组的猪中回收了食道口线虫、旋毛虫和硬蜱。伊维菌素对疥螨的控制率为 100%。综上所述，单次剂量为 0.3mg/kg 的伊维菌素对体外寄生虫有效，但不能有效治愈猪带绦虫囊尾蚴病或线虫病。另一方面，奥芬达唑能杀死所有线虫和肌肉囊尾蚴，但对外寄生虫没有影响。两种药物的联合使用将是撒哈拉以南非洲控制猪寄生虫病的最有效治疗选择。
