Berman Abigail T, Plastaras John P, Vapiwala Neha
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
J Cancer Educ. 2013 Sep;28(3):547-53. doi: 10.1007/s13187-013-0501-1.
Radiation oncology requires a complex understanding of cancer biology, radiation physics, and clinical care. This paper equips the medical student to understand the fundamentals of radiation oncology, first with an introduction to cancer treatment and the use of radiation therapy. Considerations during radiation oncology consultations are discussed extensively with an emphasis on how to formulate an assessment and plan including which treatment modality to use. The treatment planning aspects of radiation oncology are then discussed with a brief introduction to how radiation works, followed by a detailed explanation of the nuances of simulation, including different imaging modalities, immobilization, and accounting for motion. The medical student is then instructed on how to participate in contouring, plan generation and evaluation, and the delivery of radiation on the machine. Lastly, potential adverse effects of radiation are discussed with a particular focus on the on-treatment patient.
放射肿瘤学需要对癌症生物学、放射物理学和临床护理有复杂的理解。本文使医学生了解放射肿瘤学的基础知识，首先介绍癌症治疗和放射治疗的应用。文中广泛讨论了放射肿瘤学会诊期间的注意事项，重点是如何制定评估和计划，包括使用哪种治疗方式。接着讨论了放射肿瘤学的治疗计划方面，简要介绍了放射的作用原理，随后详细解释了模拟的细微差别，包括不同的成像方式、固定以及对运动的考虑。然后指导医学生如何参与轮廓勾画、计划生成与评估以及在机器上进行放射治疗。最后，讨论了放射的潜在不良反应，特别关注正在接受治疗的患者。
