Shillingsburg M Alice, Powell Nicole M, Bowen Crystal N
Marcus Autism Center and Emory University School of Medicine.
Anal Verbal Behav. 2013;29(1):51-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03393123.
Mand training is often a primary focus in early language instruction and typically includes mands that are positively reinforced. However, mands maintained by negative reinforcement are also important skills to teach. These include mands to escape aversive demands or unwanted items. Another type of negatively reinforced mand important to teach involves the removal of a stimulus that prevents access to a preferred activity. We taught 5 participants diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders to mand for the removal of a stimulus in order to access a preferred item that had been blocked. An evaluation was conducted to determine if participants responded differentially when the establishing operations for the preferred item were present versus absent. All participants learned to mand for the removal of the stimulus exclusively under conditions when the establishing operation was present.
指令性训练通常是早期语言教学的主要重点，通常包括得到正强化的指令。然而，由负强化维持的指令也是需要教授的重要技能。这些包括逃避厌恶要求或不需要的物品的指令。另一种需要教授的重要的负强化指令涉及去除阻碍进行偏好活动的刺激物。我们教导了5名被诊断患有自闭症谱系障碍的参与者发出指令以去除刺激物，从而能够获得被阻断的偏好物品。进行了一项评估，以确定当偏好物品的建立性操作存在与不存在时，参与者的反应是否存在差异。所有参与者都只在建立性操作存在的条件下学会了发出去除刺激物的指令。
