Ghosh A N, Bhatta D R, Ansari M T, Tiwari H K, Mathuria J P, Gaur A, Supram H S, Gokhale S
Department of Microbiology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences (GAIMS), G K General Hospital , Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India - 370001 .
J Clin Diagn Res. 2013 May;7(5):845-8. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/5193.2955. Epub 2013 May 1.
WHONET is a freely downloadable, Windows-based database software which is used for the management and analysis of microbiology data, with a special focus on the analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility test results. Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) are a common medical problem and they are responsible for notable morbidity among young and sexually active women.
The major objective of this study was the utilization and application of the WHONET program for the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) surveillance of uropathogens.
A total of 3209 urine samples were collected from patients who visited Manipal Teaching Hospital with a clinical suspicion of UTI, during December 2010 to July 2011. The isolation and characterization of the isolates were done by conventional methods. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) was performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. The data entry and analysis were done by using the WHONET 5.6 software.
Out of the 3209 specimens, 497 bacterial isolates were obtained and they were subjected to AST. Escherichia coli (66.2%) was the commonest bacterial isolate, followed by Enterococcus species (9.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (5.0%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (4.2%). Among the gram-negative enteric bacilli, a high prevalence of resistance was observed against ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. The gram negative nonfermenters exhibited a high degree of resistance to ceftazidime. Staphylococcus species. showed a moderately high resistance to co-trimoxazole. One isolate was Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE).
This study, a first of its kind which was done in Nepal, was carried out by using the WHONET software to monitor, analyze and share the antimicrobial susceptibility data at various levels. This study was also aimed at building a surveillance network in Nepal, with the National Public Health Laboratory, Nepal, acting as a nodal centre. This would help in the formulation of antibiotic policies and in identifying hospital and community outbreaks at the nodal centre, as well as in sharing information with the clinicians at the local level.
WHONET是一款可免费下载的、基于Windows的数据库软件，用于管理和分析微生物学数据，特别侧重于抗菌药物敏感性试验结果的分析。尿路感染（UTI）是一个常见的医学问题，在年轻且有性生活的女性中会导致明显的发病率。
本研究的主要目的是利用WHONET程序进行尿路病原体的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）监测。
在2010年12月至2011年7月期间，从因临床怀疑患有UTI而就诊于马尼帕尔教学医院的患者中总共收集了3209份尿液样本。通过传统方法进行分离株的分离和鉴定。采用 Kirby Bauer 纸片扩散法进行抗菌药物敏感性试验（AST）。使用WHONET 5.6软件进行数据录入和分析。
在3209份标本中，获得了497株细菌分离株并对其进行了AST。大肠埃希菌（66.2%）是最常见的细菌分离株，其次是肠球菌属（9.3%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（5.0%）和肺炎克雷伯菌（4.2%）。在革兰氏阴性肠道杆菌中，观察到对氨苄西林和环丙沙星的高耐药率。革兰氏阴性非发酵菌对头孢他啶表现出高度耐药性。葡萄球菌属对复方新诺明表现出中等程度的高耐药性。有一株分离株是耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）。
本研究是在尼泊尔开展的同类研究中的首例，通过使用WHONET软件在各级监测、分析和共享抗菌药物敏感性数据。本研究还旨在以尼泊尔国家公共卫生实验室为节点中心，在尼泊尔建立一个监测网络。这将有助于制定抗生素政策，在节点中心识别医院和社区疫情，并与地方层面的临床医生共享信息。
